Londonderry House

Londonderry House was an aristocratic townhouse situated on Park Lane in the Mayfair district of London, England. The mansion served as the London residence of the Marquesses of Londonderry. It remained their home until 1962. In that year Londonderry House was sold by the Trustees of the 7th Marquess of Londonderry's Will Trusts to a developer who built the "Londonderry Hotel" on the site, not (as is sometimes, erroneously, stated) the Hilton. The Hilton Hotel is on the other side of the street, and had already been opened. COMO Metropolitan London now occupies the site of Londonderry House.

History
Holderness House, later Londonderry House, was designed by Athenian Stuart for Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness in the period c. 1760–5, with ceilings based on Robert Wood's Ruins of Palmyra. The Earl is thought to have acquired the building next door as well, but at a later date. He subsequently joined the two so that the house became a double-fronted London mansion.

The residence was purchased in 1819 by the 1st Baron Stewart, an Irish aristocrat, to serve as a home whilst the family stayed in London during the annual social season. Soon after the purchase, he began redecorating and spared no expense, as shown by his choice of architects: Benjamin Dean Wyatt and Philip Wyatt. In 1822, Lord Stewart became the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry. By 1835, the home's transformation was complete. Some half a century later, in 1882–83, George Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry commissioned James Brooks to build, in red brick with terracotta facings, a handsome new stable yard, coach houses, and accommodation for the stable staff of Londonderry House, arranged around an internal courtyard (all of which were accessible via wide double doors opening on to Brick Street).

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (later Napoleon III) often visited Londonderry House while exiled in London in 1836-40 and 1846–48.

During World War I, the house was used as a military hospital. After the war, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, and his wife, Edith Helen Chaplin, continued to use the house and entertained extensively. After World War II, the house remained in the possession of the 7th Marquess of Londonderry with the Royal Aero Club leasing most of Londonderry House, though the family retained twenty two rooms for their own use. Following the death of the 7th Marquess in 1949, his widow Edith continued in occupation by permission of the Trustees of her late husband's Will, until her death in 1959.

The Londonderry age on Park Lane drew to a close after the death of Edith, Dowager Marchioness of Londonderry. The last social events hosted by the family in Londonderry House were the debutante balls of Hon Elizabeth Keppel in 1959 and Hon Rose Keppel in 1961, hosted by their mother Lady Mairi Bury (youngest daughter of the 7th Marquess); the wedding reception of Hon Elizabeth Keppel, following her marriage to her cousin Alastair Villiers in June 1962, and a subsequent, final, "farewell" party given by Alastair, 9th Marquess, the following month, for 300 guests, including Mick Jagger and Paul McCartney. Retrenchment saw Londonderry House sold in 1962 with the Londonderry Trustees receiving a sale consideration of £500,000 in 1962 money. The "Londonderry Silver" was mostly bought by the Brighton council for the Royal Pavilion, where it can currently be seen, along with the Ormonde silver. The large statue at the foot of the staircase of Londonderry House, Canova's Theseus and the Minotaur, was bought by the Victoria & Albert Museum. George Stubbs's masterpiece, the life-size painting of the racehorse Hambletonian after his famous win at Newmarket, was one of the items which belonged to Lady Mairi Bury and it was taken down from the library in Londonderry House and rehung on the staircase of Lady Mairi's own home at Mount Stewart, in County Down, where it is still to be seen today.

Description
The tragedy of the sale of Londonderry House was not the comparatively meagre price (by current standards) it fetched for the Londonderry family, but the fact that this magnificent mansion was then immediately, apart from its stableyard (which still stands, with its separate entrance in Brick Street still surmounted by the coronet of a Marquess), completely demolished. The bland exterior of Londonderry House concealed, for example, the aforementioned magnificently painted, and fresco-ceiling interiors by James "Athenian" Stuart who had, coincidentally, built the Temple of the Winds at the Londonderry's Ulster seat of Mount Stewart. The main stairway was meant to outdo that of Lancaster House in nearby St James's. It succeeded in this: it had a large skylight, Rococo chandelier and two individual flights of stairs flanking each other. This stairway led into the Grand Ballroom which, rather individually, held full-length portraits of the Stewart family men in Garter Robes, by artists such as Sir Thomas Lawrence (who painted the 2nd Marquess) and Glyn Philpot (who depicted the 7th Marquess). Said to have been inspired by the Waterloo Chamber of Apsley House, it also outdid that. Around the room were large marble statues including by Canova and chairs in the French style.

On from that was the Dining Room, which held the Londonderry collection of silver. Another elegant room was the tripartite Drawing Room, which held more Londonderry Silver, French furniture, Old Master paintings (for example "The Madonna and Child with a male Donor, a landscape beyond", painted by Giovanni Bellini, which was sold by Lady Mairi Bury in 1977, to provide a capital sum endowment for the National Trust to become involved with the care of Mount Stewart), and ceilings painted with birds.

Sources and further reading

 * De Courcy, Anne. Society's Queen: The Life of Edith, Marchioness of Londonderry. London: Phoenix, 2004. ISBN 0-7538-1730-6 (Originally published as Circe: The Life of Edith, Marchioness of Londonderry. London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992. ISBN 1-85619-363-2)
 * Sykes, Christopher Simon. Private Palaces: Life in the Great London Houses. New York, Viking Penguin Inc 1986. ISBN 0-670-80964-0.