Long ton

The long ton, also known as the imperial ton or displacement ton, is a measurement unit equal to 2,240 pounds (1,016.0 kg). It is the name for the unit called the "ton" in the avoirdupois system of weights or Imperial system of measurements. It was standardised in the 13th century. It is used in the United States for bulk commodities.

It is not to be confused with the short ton, a unit of weight equal to 2000 lb used in the United States, and Canada before metrication, also referred to simply as a "ton".

Unit definition
A long ton is defined as exactly 2,240 pounds. The long ton arises from the traditional British measurement system: A long ton is 20 long hundredweight (cwt), each of which is 8 stone Thus, a long ton is 20 × 8 × 14 lb = 2,240 lb.

Unit equivalences
A long ton, also called the weight ton (W/T), imperial ton, or displacement ton, is equal to:
 * 2240 lb
 * exactly 12% more than the 2,000 pounds of the North American short ton, being 20 long hundredweight (112 lb) rather than 20 short hundredweight (100 lb)
 * the weight of 35 ft3 of salt water with a density of 64 lb/ft3

United Kingdom
To comply with the practices of the European Union, the British Imperial ton was explicitly excluded from use for trade by the United Kingdom's Weights and Measures Act of 1985. The measure used since then is the metric ton of 1000 kilograms, identified through the word "tonne".

If still used for measurement, then the word "ton" is taken to refer to an imperial or long ton.

United States
In the United States, the long ton is commonly used in measuring the displacement of ships and the shipping of baled commodities and bulk goods like iron ore and elemental sulfur.

International
The long ton was the unit prescribed for warships by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922; for example, battleships were limited to a displacement of 35000 LT. The long ton is traditionally used as the unit of weight in international contracts for many bulk goods and commodities.