Lotsawa

Lotsawa is a Tibetan title used to refer to the Nyingma's Ancient Translation School of 108 Tibetan translators, which include Vairotsana, Rinchen Zangpo, Marpa Lotsawa, Tropu Lotsawa Jampa Pel and many others. They worked alongside Indian scholars, or panditas, to prepare the first translation into the Tibetan language of the Kangyur and Tengyur of the Buddhist Canon, from original texts written in Pali, Sanskrit, Classical Chinese and other Asian languages. Working under the direction of Padmasambhava and Shantarakshita in the 8th century, their patron was King Trisong Detsen.

Lotsawa is thought to derive from a Sanskrit wordlocchāva, which is said to mean "bilingual" or "eyes of the world." The term is also used to refer to modern-day translators of Tibetan buddhist texts.

Jnanasutra, a Nyingma, was the principal lotsawa of the first wave of translations from Sanskrit to Tibetan.

Yudra Nyingpo, one of the chief disciples of Vairotsana, was also a principal lotsawa of the first translation stage of texts into Tibetan.