Lower Ramu languages

The Lower Ramu or Ottilien–Misegian languages consist of two branches in the Ramu language family. They are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

Classification
The Lower Ramu languages as classified by Usher and by Foley (2018) are:


 * Lower Ramu languages
 * Ottilien languages
 * Watam, Kaian
 * Gamay (Borei)
 * Bosmun, Awar
 * Misegian languages (Ruboni languages)
 * Mikarew (Aruamu)
 * Sepen, Kirei

Lower Ramu as presented in Foley (2018) has been reduced in scope from the classification given in Foley (2005), which is as follows.


 * Lower Ramu
 * Watam-Awar-Gamay (WAG) = Ottilien
 * Watam, Kaian
 * Gamay
 * Bosmun, Awar
 * Mikarew-Kire (MK) = Misegian (Ruboni)
 * Tangu, Igom

The Ataitan languages, including Tangu and Igom, are not included in Foley (2018).

Pronouns
Tentative proto-Lower Ramu pronoun reconstructions by Foley (2005) are:



! !! singular !! dual !! plural ! 1st person ! 2nd person ! 3rd person
 * *ŋgu || *aŋga || *ai
 * *nu || *(n)oŋgo(a) || *ni/e
 * *ma(n) || *mani(ŋg) || *mV(n)
 * }

Cognates
Like cognates between proto-Lower Sepik and proto-Lower Ramu listed by Foley (2005) are:


 * {| class="wikitable"

! gloss !! proto-Lower Sepik !! proto-Lower Ramu
 * tongue || *minɨŋ || *mi(m)
 * ear || *kwand- || *kwar
 * lime || *awi(r) || *awi(r)
 * eat || *am(b) || *am(b)
 * }
 * lime || *awi(r) || *awi(r)
 * eat || *am(b) || *am(b)
 * }
 * }