Ludvig Sandöe Ipsen

Ludvig Sandöe Ipsen (April 20, 1840 – 1920) was a Danish-American artist and designer. Trained as an architect, he is known for his designs in a wide variety of disciplines.

Early life and education
Ludvig Sandöe Ipsen was born on April 20, 1840, to Ludvig Ipsen and Mette Margrethe Ipsen (Bøgh) in Copenhagen, Denmark.

He trained as an architect at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture in Copenhagen. In 1860, shortly after graduation, he entered the military, serving in the engineering corps and participating in the Second Schleswig War in 1864.

Career
After military service, Ipsen worked for a few years in the office of a Copenhagen architect before emigrating to the United States. He found work with the Boston architect Henry Walker Hartwell, and was later a member of the firm Hartwell & Swasey. By 1875, he had abandoned the practice of architecture in favor of the decorative arts and illustration. He did, however, return to architecture at least once, for the design of a crematorium chapel.

Book illustration
Ibsen was employed as a staff illustrator by the James R. Osgood publishing firm in Boston and also worked for several other local publishers.
 * The Skeleton in Armor by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1877)
 * The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne (1878)
 * The Confessions of a Frivolous Girl by Robert Grant (1880)
 * The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain, sharing illustration credit with Frank T. Merrill and John J. Harley. (1881)
 * The Lady of the Lake by Sir Walter Scott (1883)
 * Marmion by Sir Walter Scott (1885)
 * Eudora by M. B. M. Toland (1888)

The book that brought Ipsen the most acclaim was Sonnets from the Portuguese by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, issued in 1886 by Ticknor and Company of Boston.

Other works on paper
Shortly after the Boston-based men's choral society, the Apollo Club, was incorporated, Ipsen was commissioned by Arthur Reed, the club secretary, to illustrate the club's publications, and he designed 130 program covers over the course of 23 years, as well as designing the club's seal in 1876. The club's records, now held by the Massachusetts Historical Society, include fifty-one original illustrations created for Apollo Club concert programs.

Typography
In 1903, Ipsen was granted two patents for typefaces created for the American Type Founders Company (ATF): Florentine Bold Condensed (pat. no. 36,366) and Florentine Bold Extra Condensed (pat. no. 36,367). The fonts were variants of the Florentine typeface which first appeared in the ATF 1896 catalog. That catalog did not acknowledge a designer but the typographical historian Max McGrew credited Ipsen and the National Museum of American History holds original drawings for the related font Florentine Heavy dated 1896 and ascribed to Ipsen. He also designed decorative borders and initials for ATF.

Architecture and architectural elements
In 1893, the Massachusetts Cremation Society opened a crematorium designed by Ipsen and built of Roxbury felsite in the neoclassical style. Now owned by Forest Hills Cemetery, it includes the Lucy Stone Chapel, named after the Boston abolitionist and suffragist who was the first person cremated there.

Ipsen received a commission in 1910 to design a pair of iron gates for the Converse Memorial Library, which was designed by H. H. Richardson, in Malden. The gates enclose a garden designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.

Personal life
Ipsen emigrated to the United States in 1867, arriving first in New York, where he married Emma Petrea Petersen (1846–1914) in Manhattan on August 10, 1868. Emma, also born in Copenhagen, was a well-known mezzo-soprano who performed in recital halls and churches. She was the sister of John Petersen (1839–1874), a marine painter also known as Johan Erik Christian Petersen.

The couple had moved to Malden, Massachusetts by the following year when their son, Ernest, was born. Ernest Ludvig Ipsen (1869–1951) became an internationally renowned portrait painter.