Mahmud of Terengganu

Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (Jawi: سلطان محمود المكتفي بالله شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان إسماعيل ناصر الدين شاه; April 1930 – 14 May 1998) was the 17th Sultan of Terengganu reigning from 21 September 1979 to 14 May 1998.

Life
Sultan Mahmud was born on 29 April 1930 in Kuala Terengganu. He was married polygamously to both Tengku Besar Terengganu Fatimah Sharifah Nong Alsagoff binti Abdillah (1939–2023) and Tengku Ampuan Bariah (1933–2011), sister of Sultan Salahuddin of Selangor.

Mahmud's father Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin died in 1979. He was coronated as the Sultan of Terengganu in 1981 and Tengku Ampuan Bariah became Tengku Ampuan Besar of Terengganu.

Sultan Mahmud was the colonel for the Royal Armoured Corps (KAD) from 1979 until 1998.

He was a close friend of his advisor Tan Sri Wan Mokhtar Ahmad, the Menteri Besar (chief minister) of Terengganu from 1974 to 1999. His main goal was to make Terengganu a developed state. Major state projects and developments under his reign including Petronas Petroleum Complex in Kerteh, Sultan Ismail Power Station at Paka, the largest power station in Malaysia, Kenyir Dam, Sultan Mahmud Bridge, the bridge linking Kuala Terengganu to Pulau Duyong and Kuala Nerus, Wisma Darul Iman and the Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque (Floating Mosque).

He performed the hajj pilgrimage with Sultan Salahuddin of Selangor in 1984.

Death
On 14 May 1998, he died in Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore and was replaced by his son Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. His body was laid to buried in the new Royal Mausoleum near Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Mosque in Kuala Terengganu. In addition, he was the first sultan of Terengganu to be buried there.

Honours of Terengganu

 * MY-TER Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu - DKT.svg Founding Grand Master and Member of the Most Exalted Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DKT, 10 March 1981)
 * MY-TER Family Order of Terengganu 1st class - DK I.svg Grand Master (21 September 1979 – 15 May 1998) and First Class of the Most Distinguished Family Order of Terengganu (DK I, 26 June 1964)
 * [[File:MY-TER Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu - Member Grand Companion ribbon.svg|50px]] Founding Grand Master and Member Grand Companion of the Most Revered Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT, 28 February 1982)
 * MY-TER Order of the Crown of Terengganu - SPMT - SMT - AMT.svg Grand Master (21 September 1979 – 15 May 1998) and Knight Grand Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of the Crown of Terengganu (SPMT, 26 June 1977)

Honours of Malaysia

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia:
 * MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_(Crown_of_the_Realm)_-_DMN.svg Recipient of Most Exalted Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 1981)
 * Johor:
 * Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Johor - ribbon bar.svg First Class of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I, 27 April 1982)
 * Kedah:
 * MY-KED Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK).svg Member of the Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK, 20 January 1985)
 * Kelantan:
 * MY-KEL Royal Family Order - Star of Yunus - DK.svg Member of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK, 30 March 1985)
 * Negeri Sembilan:
 * MY-NEG Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan - DKNS.svg Member of the Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS, 1988)
 * Pahang:
 * MY-PAH_Family_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Indra_of_Pahang_-_DK_I.svg Member 1st class of the Most Esteemed Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I, 24 October 1981)
 * Perak:
 * MY-PERA Royal Family Order of Perak - DK (before 2001).svg Member of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perak (DK, 1982)
 * MY-PERA Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (before 2001).svg Grand Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (SPCM, 1977)
 * Perlis:
 * [[File:MY-PERL Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail - DK.svg|50px]] Member of the Most Esteemed Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK, 27 October 1984)
 * Selangor:
 * MY-SEL_Royal_Family_Order_of_Selangor_-_DK_II.svg Second class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK II) (8 March 1978)
 * Sarawak:
 * [[File:MY-SAR Order of the Star of the Hornbill (Bintang Kenyalang) - 1. Knight Grand Commander (DP).svg|50px]] Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP, 12 March 1982)
 * MY-SAR Order of Devoted Service of Sarawak - Darjah Jasa Bakti Sarawak.svg Order of Meritorious Service to Sarawak (DJBS)

Foreign Honours

 * Brunei: Recipient of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei (DKMB)
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom:
 * Knight of Justice or Grace of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (KStJ, 20 March 1990)
 * Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (2 June 1953)

Legacy
Several projects and institutions were named after the Sultan, including:

Educational institutions

 * Sekolah Menengah Sains Sultan Mahmud (SESMA) at Wakaf Tembusu, Kuala Terengganu

Buildings, Bridges and Roads

 * Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Mosque at Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah
 * Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Mosque at Kuala Terengganu
 * Sultan Mahmud Bridge at Jalan Tengku Mizan on Federal Route 65 at Kuala Terengganu
 * Jalan Sultan Mahmud on Federal Route 174 at Kuala Terengganu
 * Sultan Mahmud Airport at Seberang Takir, Kuala Terengganu
 * Sultan Mahmud Power Station, Kenyir Dam

Others

 * Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah