Mangamura

Mangamura (漫画村) was a Japanese piracy website that primarily hosted popular Japanese manga books. Besides manga books, it also hosted pirated copies of magazines and photo-books. It was shutdown in April 2018.

Launch and rise to popularity
The site was launch in January 2016 by Romi Hoshino (星野 ロミ) or his pen name Zakay Romi.

Mangamura spiked in popularity in 2017. According to Similarweb, an estimated 98 million people visited the website in January 2018, placing it the thirty-first most visited website in Japan that month. Content Overseas Distribution Association (CODA), an association of Japanese copyright-holding companies, said that the site had been accessed about 620 million times between September 2017 and February 2018, and claimed that this had caused worth of damages to copyright holders in Japan.

In 2017, Kodansha and multiple other publishers filed a criminal complaint against Mangamura for alleged violation of the copyright law of Japan. In February 2018, Manga Japan (マンガジャパン), an association of manga artists, issued a statement urging people not to visit the website.

In March 2018, Mangamura announced its paid subscription plan named Mangamura Pro (漫画村プロ).

Shutdown and arrest
On April 13, 2018, the Japanese government announced its plans to begin considering measures to block traffic to piracy sites from the country, and requested internet service providers in the country to stop providing access to the three piracy sites named, including Mangamura. This move was criticized by a number of legal professionals and ISP industry groups, including the Japan Internet Providers Association, who deemed it in violation of the right to secrecy of communications guaranteed by Article 21 of the Japanese constitution. On April 17, the Mangamura website became inaccessible. It has been speculated that operator of the website may have closed it themselves.

On May 14 the same year, multiple major news outlets reported that the Fukuoka Prefectural Police had opened a criminal investigation into the website on suspicion of copyright infringement. On July 7, 2019, operator of Mangamura, Romi Hoshino (星野 ロミ), was caught by the National Bureau of Investigation in the Philippines. Wataru Adachi, another person associated with the site, as well as Hoshino's friends Kōta Fujisaki and Shiho Itō were arrested in August 2019. Fujisaki pleaded guilty, while Itō pleaded innocent in their arraignment in September 2019. On June 2, 2021, the Fukuoka District Court found Hoshino guilty of violating the copyright law and other charges, and sentenced him to three years in prison.

In 2020, the Japan Cartoonists Association issued a joint statement with Shuppan Koho Center (出版広報センター) in favor of revising the Japanese copyright law to make it illegal to download pirated materials in order to protect young artists from piracy. Despite ongoing efforts, manga piracy remains a significant financial burden for Japanese publishers, costing the industry an estimated 381.8 billion yen (approximately $3.5 billion) in 2023. This figure, revealed by the Agency for Cultural Affairs (ACA) during a meeting on anti-piracy measures, highlights the enduring challenge of protecting intellectual property in the digital age.

Lawsuit
In July 2022, Japanese publishers Shogakukan, Shueisha and Kadokawa filed a lawsuit against the site for at the Tokyo District Court. The number represents estimated damages to the company from piracy of 441 volumes from 17 manga.

On April 17, 2024, The Tokyo District Court ordered the former owner of the site to pay the Japanese Publishers Shogakukan, Shueisha and Kadokawa.