Manuel Zapata Olivella

Manuel Zapata Olivella (Santa Cruz of Lorica, Córdoba, 17 March 1920 – Bogota, 19 November 2004) was a Colombian doctor, anthropologist, and writer.

Biography
When he was a boy, his father, the professor Antonio María Zapata Vásquez, moved with his family to Cartagena de Indias. Zapata Olivella's younger sister, Delia Zapata Olivella, was a Colombian dancer and folklorist.

He studied Medicine at the National University of Colombia, in Bogota. In Mexico City, he worked in the Psychiatric Sanatorium of Dr. Ramírez and afterward in the Hospital Ortopédico of Alfonso Ortiz Thrown. He also worked for the magazine Time and for the magazine Events for All. He argued against his brother Virgil by defending the United States, but he later changed his mind after being racially discriminated against during a trip to the country.

During his stay in Mexico, he wrote the unpublished novel "Bitter Rice". He published several studies on the cultures of Afro-Colombians. He taught at several universities in the United States, Canada, Central America, and Africa. He founded and directed the literary magazine National Letters.

His father, a mulatto (of Spanish and African descent), and his mother, a mestiza (of Spanish and Indigenous Zenú descent), instilled a deep sense of pride in his own cultural roots, leading him to explore the narratives, histories, and cultures of the inhabitants of the Colombian Caribbean, especially the lives of Blacks and Natives. His most important work is the novel Changó (1983), an extensive work that is presented as an epic of the afroamericanos, narrating their origins in Africa. In a sense, Changó is a culmination of all of his previous writings.

His previous novel In Chimá is born a saint (1964) was a finalist in two contests, the Esso of 1963, in which it was defeated by Gabriel García Márquez with The bad hour, and the Prize of Brief Novel Seix Barral, in which first place went to The city and the dogs by Mario Vargas Llosa.

Short stories

 * 1948 – Pasión vagabunda
 * 1952 – He visto la noche
 * 1954 – China 6 am
 * 1961 – Cuentos de muerte y libertad
 * 1962 – El cirujano de la selva
 * 1967 – ¿Quién dio el fusil a Oswald?
 * 1990 – Fábulas de Tamalameque

Novels

 * 1947 – Tierra mojada
 * 1960 – La calle 10
 * 1963 – Detrás del rostro
 * 1963 – Chambacú, corral de negros, honorable mention at the Premio Casa de las Américas (1963)
 * 1964 – En Chimá nace un santo
 * 1983 – Changó, el Gran Putas 1983 – Historia de un Joven Negro
 * 1986 – El fusilamiento del Diablo
 * 1989 – Hemingway, el cazador de la Muerte

Essays

 * 1997 – "La rebelión de los genes"

Works in English

 * Chambacu, Black Slum, translator Jonathan Tittler, Latin American Literary Review Press, 1989, ISBN 9780935480399
 * Changó, the Biggest Badass, translator Jonathan Tittler, Texas Tech University Press, 2010, ISBN 9780896726734