Marik Vos-Lundh

Marie-Anne "Marik" Vos-Lundh (3 June 1923 – 13 July 1994) was a Swedish costume, production, and set designer. She is best known to international audiences for her frequent collaborations with director Ingmar Bergman. She has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design three times for her work on Bergman's films, winning for Fanny and Alexander (1982).

Early life and education
Vos-Lundh was born on June 3, 1923, in Petrograd, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, to a Russian mother and a Swedish father. In 1932, her family emigrated to Sweden. At the age of twelve, she decided to become a set designer after being fully captivated by theater since her childhood. In spite of the 1940s' lack of professional training in scenic design, she pursued courses that she believed would improve her crafting skills. She enrolled at the Konstfack, University of Arts, Crafts and Design in 1939 to study decorative painting, perspective theory, and watercolor; she graduated in 1943. Between 1942 and 1944, she also attended the Otte Skölds School of Painting and worked at the Royal Dramatic Theatre (a.k.a. Dramaten) to immerse herself in scenography.

Career
Vos-Lundh began her professional career in 1944 when she joined the Dramaten, a faithful commitment that lasted for 40 years. Her first major theater credit came with creating the sets for Olof Molander's 1946 production of Anton Chekhov's ''The Cherry Orchard. She alternated between designing the sets and costumes for more than 120 different stage productions in the subsequent years. Eventually, she was appointed the Dramaten's decoration manager in 1963 and its production manager in the following year.

Vos-Lundh collaborated with many renowned directors throughout her distinguished theater career, including Alf Sjöberg, Mimi Pollak, Rune Carlsten, Bengt Ekerot, Per-Axel Branner, and Ingmar Bergman, among others. In particular, their long-standing professional relationship with Bergman has introduced her work to a global audience. It all started on Dramaten's stage when she was tasked with providing the costumes and set design for the director's 1961 production of Chekhov's The Seagull.

But perhaps Vos-Lundh's most memorable work that achieved widespread recognition may well have been her frequent partnership with Bergman on some of his most critically acclaimed films. She gained international prominence and earned an Academy Award nomination with her first major film credit for creating costumes for Bergman's influential 1960 period drama, The Virgin Spring. Their earlier screen collaboration also includes the 1963 austere drama The Silence and the 1968 psychological horror Hour of the Wolf, while the latter stands out as her first film effort on production rather than costume design.

Over the course of the pair's well-established creative alliance, Vos-Lundh and Bergman have developed a similar view on utilizing the color scheme in costuming and art direction as a cinematic technique that affects the film's perception or even determines its themes. This mutual approach has achieved brilliant execution in Bergman's 1972 period classic, Cries and Whispers. She was responsible for designing the visually striking crimson-blood interiors as well as the beautifully contrasting white and black turn-of-the-century gowns. Vos-Lundh's distinctive contribution to the film's aesthetic was instantly recognizable and highly praised, resulting in another Oscar nomination for her remarkable costumes.

Vos-Lundh and Bergman reunited again about a decade later for his semi-autobiographical 1982 family saga, Fanny and Alexander. Working on that highly ambitious and deeply personal director's project, which turned out to be the biggest challenge of her own illustrious career, she was charged with designing a total of 250 costumes for the principal actors, along with over 1000 outfits for the extras. During the pre-production, Bergman instructed her to imagine the world through the children's eyes; therefore, she allowed herself some artistic liberties not necessarily loyal to period-typical wardrobes and created the film's magical reality instead of replicating more authentic clothes. Vos-Lundh garnered vast admiration for her immaculate work, ultimately winning the Academy Award for Best Costume Design.

Other ventures
Besides her acclaimed professional work on stage and screen, Vos-Lundh was known for her community activism. She was elected a member of the Nya Idun, a Swedish women's cultural association, in 1960, and she served as the society's chairman from 1977 to 1980.

In the 1980s, after leaving Stockholm to settle down in Vamlingbo, she became involved in Suderlamm, a local environmental protection project that included wool production and created further job opportunities for women. Among other activities, she also participated in her community's religious life, serving as a churchwarden at Vamlingbo Church.

Awards and nominations
Academy Awards

BAFTA Awards