Mario Luigi Ciappi

Mario Luigi Ciappi, O.P. (6 October 1909 – 23 April 1996) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as personal theologian to five popes from 1955 to 1989, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1977.

Early life
Born in Florence, Mario Ciappi studied at the seminary in Lucca. He later entered the Order of Friars Preachers, more commonly known as the Dominicans, and professed in the convent of Santa Maria della Quercia in Viterbo.

Education
After studying at the convent of San Domenico in Pistoia, he attended the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome, where he obtained his doctorate in theology in 1933 with a thesis entitled De divina misericordia ut prima causa operum Dei. Ciappi was ordained a priest by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani on 26 March 1932. He continued his studies at the University of Louvain and University of Fribourg until 1935.

Theologian
As a professor, Ciappi taught moral and dogmatic theology at his alma mater, the Angelicum. From 1935 to 1955 he served as Dean of the Theological Faculty. He also lectured on Thomistic aesthetics at the Institute Beato Angelico.

On 5 May 1955 he was named Master of the Sacred Palace. In this capacity, Ciappi served as the personal theologian to the Pope. The title was later renamed as Theologian of the Pontifical Household on 28 March 1968 by Pope Paul VI's motu proprio Pontificalis Domus. He advised Pope Paul while the latter wrote Humanae Vitae, and later defended the same encyclical against charges that it was in conflict with Thomistic principles.

On 10 June 1977, in advance of his cardinalitial promotion, Ciappi was appointed Titular Bishop of Misenum. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 18 June from Cardinal Dino Staffa, with Archbishop Jean Jérôme Hamer, OP, and Bishop Angelo Verardo, OP, serving as co-consecrators, in the basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Paul VI, shortly afterwards, created Ciappi Cardinal Deacon of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore in the consistory of 27 June 1977.

From 1977 to 1989, the Dominican continued his role under the title of Pro-theologian of the Pontifical Household. Ciappi was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively. After ten years' standing as a Cardinal Deacon, he opted to become a Cardinal Priest, with the titular church of Sacro Cuore di Gesù agonizzante a Vitinia, on 22 June 1987.

Death
Ciappi died in Rome, at age 86, and was there buried at the Campo Verano cemetery. During his thirty-four-year-long tenure as papal theologian, he served Popes Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I, and John Paul II.