Mau-Mau (card game)

Mau-Mau is a card game for two to five players that is popular in Germany, Austria, South Tyrol, the United States, Brazil, Greece, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Israel and the Netherlands. Mau-Mau is a member of the shedding family, to which the game Crazy Eights with the proprietary card game Uno belongs. Other similar games are Whot! or Switch. However, Mau-Mau is played with standard French or German-suited playing cards.

History
Mau-Mau surfaced in Germany shortly after the Second World War. In 1961, it was still "a very recent game" that had gained "astonishing popularity within just a few years".

Its rules were first published in 1958 and although "it appeared quite suddenly.. anyone who has played it once will be enthralled by it... Its particular charm lies in its cheerful, light entertaining character and perfectly refined simplicity. Anyone can play it in five minutes".

Rules
The game is typically played with a 32-card pack, either a French-suited pack from which the Twos, Threes, Fours, Fives and Sixes have been removed or, especially in Europe, with a 32-card German pack. For more than five players, two packs of cards may be used.

The aim is to be first to get rid of all of one's cards. Most of the time, the winner will have to say something at this point, usually "Mau". If he fails to say this, he does not win and instead must take penalty cards. If a player's last card is a Jack, he must reply differently, usually saying "Mau Mau".

Before the start of the game, a player who is not the dealer cuts the deck four times. If he cuts 1–3 significant cards, he is allowed to keep them if he wants. However, if four cards where the cards are cut are found to be power cards, the deck needs to be reshuffled and the cut is repeated. The players are each dealt a hand of cards (usually 5 or 6). The rest is placed face down as the stock or stack. At the beginning of the game the topmost card is revealed and placed face up on the table then the players take it in turns to play their cards.

A card can only be played if it corresponds to the suit or value of the face-up card. For example, if it is the 10 of spades, only another spade or another 10 can be played (but see below for Jacks). If a player is not able to do this, he draws one card from the stack; If he can play this card, he may do so; otherwise, he keeps the drawn card and his turn ends. When the drawing stack is empty, the playing stack (except for the topmost card) is shuffled and turned over to serve as a new drawing stack.

The 7, 8, Jack, and Ace of all suits are significant cards:


 * If a 7 is played, the next player has to draw two cards but may play. (A variant of the game allows the player facing the 7 to play another 7, in which case the player to his left must take 4 cards from the pack, unless he plays a 7 too, in which case the player to his left must take 6 cards from the pack, unless he also plays a 7, in which case the player to his left must take 8 cards from the pack.)
 * Any 8 forces the next player to miss his turn. (A variant of the game allows the player facing the 8 to play another 8, in which case the next player after them must play another 8 or miss a turn, etc.)
 * A Jack of any suit is the equivalent of a Joker and can be played on any card. The player who plays it then chooses a card suit. The next player then plays as if the Jack was of the chosen suit.
 * If an Ace is played, one other card must be played with it. If the player does not have another card, or cannot follow in suit or number, then the player must take a card from the pack. If a player's final card is an Ace, he cannot win on that turn.
 * When a player has only one card left, he must say “Mau” (even if it is an Ace); if that card is a Jack, he must say “Mau-Mau”. Failure means that the player must take a card.
 * If the game is scored, and the winning card is a Jack, then all points against the losers are doubled.


 * A King and Queen of the same suit can be played at the same time in a marriage.
 * No players are allowed to make commentary without saying "Point of Order" first and end by saying "End point of order."
 * During Bleeding Mao, any people who see another's cards must say, for example, "Bleeding Queen of Spades," and hand that person a card from the deck.
 * When a 2 of any suit is played the player must jump up and down 2 times the number of cards the next player has.
 * Players may not touch their cards during Point of Order.
 * Player of a red 7 must turn to the player on his left and say "Have a nice day," knock the table, and give him one card from the deck.
 * Player of a black 7 must say "Have a very nice day" to the player on his right, knock the table, and give him two cards from the deck.
 * Cards of the same value can be played all together within one turn.
 * Whenever a Queen is played, the person who played it must say, "wee!" or "The Queen is in the court."
 * Player of a king must say, "All Hail Chairman Mao." or "All hail the king."
 * Player of a jack may change the suit by saying, "Change suit to _____." (hearts/spades/clubs/diamonds)
 * Players must say "Mau" when they have only one card left.
 * A jack reverses the direction of play (clockwise vs. counterclockwise), or lets the player take another turn before reversing. A player who fails to notice that the direction was reversed and plays out of turn must draw one card.
 * When a player draws cards (e.g. when picking two after a 7, or a card from the stack when he can't play), he may put a card down immediately.
 * Whenever a card of spades is placed on the stack, the player must say, "___ of Spades."
 * Anyone who talks outside of a Point of Order receives a penalty card
 * The first player to deal usually is the person with the most seniority in the game. The dealer is referred to as the Maumaster, or 'dictator'
 * The winning player "wins the deal"
 * The first player to be the Maumaster (dealer) 3 times may make up a rule at random that must be obeyed indefinitely until the players are finished playing the game for certain period of time (i.e. at the end of the night, or if there is an extended break in gameplay)
 * Before the game starts players may look at their cards; the Maumaster must say "the name of the game is __ (some number of cards) Mau the game has begun" at which point players are no longer allowed to look at their cards unless the Maumaster continues with "you may look at your cards" and then must dictate the first player who will start the game and the direction the game will go (clockwise or counter...)
 * When a player plays the 4 of diamonds, he must say, "Let's Play Baseball"
 * When a player plays a 3 of any suit, he must say, "Tally Time", to which all others playing must reply "SHUT UP!"
 * A player may not ask questions during the game, and in extreme cases, may not even have an inquisitive tone to his voice, or he can be penalized one card
 * Anyone can penalize anyone who breaks the rules and must explain why they were penalized; the penalized player must always respond "thank you" for every penalty given

Austria and Bavaria
In Austria and Bavaria, a variation is the 32-card game known as Neuner ("Nines"); in this variation, a Joker is added and the Nines are used as wild cards.

Czech Republic
The most popular variant of this game in the Czech Republic is called Prší (raining in Czech). It is played with a deck of 32 German cards (four card suits, values from 7 to Ace) and has almost identical rules with several differences: Some may play with less common modifications:
 * Players are dealt four cards each.
 * Ace forces the next player to skip his turn.
 * 7 forces the next player to draw two cards, unless he too plays a 7, thus requiring the next player to draw four cards and so on. A player who draws cards cannot play a card in the same turn.
 * In some rules, K forces the next player to draw 4 cards. He may play 7 to pass the penalty on to the next player who must draw 6 cards or play another 7 and so on. subsequent player, etc. Similarly, K may be played on 7 instead of another 7.
 * An Ober (svršek) can be played on any card except a 7 or Ace and its player may then choose a suit. The next player then plays as if the Ober was of the chosen suit.
 * In some variations, an Unter (spodek) cannot be played on any card (it has no special meaning).
 * There is no requirement for a player to announce that he only has one card left. (Though it is accepted to say Prší as a celebration.)
 * In some variation, when 10 is played all other players take a card and the player who played it plays again.
 * In some variations, when a player gets rid of his cards, he may be returned to the game if he would have taken cards because of 7 specifically (or 10 from the variation above). Thus the player truly wins only when he hasn't had a card in his hand for one whole additional round. (Saying Prší is acceptable every time a person loses all his cards)

Variation: Quick
A player can play multiple cards at once if these requirements apply:


 * The Posted power cards have the same rank
 * The bottom card can be played according to already known rules

Playing multiple power cards at once is typically treated as playing a single one. The exception is sevens, where the number of cards for the next player to draw accumulates, so the next player has to draw 2 times the number of played sevens, or play another seven. (When playing the variation with 10 being a power card, rules differ from group to group.)

With certain combinations of homebrew rules and 5 or more players it is possible that somebody has to draw more cards than are available on the table. Solutions include adding more decks to the game or decreasing the penalties of power cards.

Variation: Blind
Players play cards face-down. The card's rank and suit is spoken by the player. If the next player believes the first one, the card is accepted as "canon" and game continues. If the next player doesn't believe the card is as specified by the first player, the card is revealed. If the first player told the truth, the next player is penalized: he must draw one or more cards, miss his turn, and so on (the details vary in different versions of the game). If the first player lied, the first player is penalized (he usually returns the card to his hand and miss his turn, draw one or more additional cards etc.)

Iran
The game known as هفت خبیث (Evil Seven in Persian) in Iran is a variation of Mau-Mau, sharing similar mechanics and utilizing Jacks and Sevens in the same manner. However, there are a few notable distinctions:
 * When an Ace is played, it results in the subsequent player missing their turn.
 * If an Eight is played, another card must be played simultaneously. Failure to do so, whether due to lack of another card or inability to match the suit or number, requires the player to draw a card from the deck. Importantly, if a player's final card happens to be an Eight, they cannot declare victory during that turn.
 * Playing a Ten causes a reversal in the direction of play.
 * When a player plays a Two, he can choose another player and make him draw a card.
 * One card left: say تک‌کارت (Single Card in Persian).

Netherlands
In the Netherlands Mau-Mau is mainly known as Pesten (meaning bullying). It is played with a deck of 54 or 55 cards (52 standard plus two or three jokers); multiple decks may be shuffled together if there are too many players to comfortably play with only one deck. The main differences with Mau-Mau are as follows, though there is typically some variation in the rules depending on the group of players.


 * All players receive between five and seven cards.
 * 2 forces the next player to draw two cards.
 * Joker may be played on any other card and forces the next player to draw 5 cards. It may permit the next player to change suit, even if the following rule is applied.
 * Playing a 2s or Jokers in succession shifts the draw to the next player cumulatively. So if the first player plays a Joker and the second player a 2, the third player must draw 5 + 2 = 7 cards (or play a 2 or a Joker).
 * A 7 allows the player to play another legal card if able; if this is another 7, the player goes again (announced as Zeven: nog even or Zeven: (blijft) kleven, meaning approximately “Seven: another go” resp. “Seven: sticky”).
 * 8 forces the next player to skip the turn (Acht: wacht, “Eight: wait”).
 * Ace reverses the order of play (Aas: draai, “Ace: turn”).
 * A King has the same effect as the 7 (heer nog 'n keer, "King, go again")
 * Jack changes suit.
 * One card left: say Laatste kaart (“Last card”) or knock on the table. (It's a common rule that if people forget to knock or announce their last card before the next player plays or draws that they must draw an entirely new hand, 5 or 7 cards). The final card may not be an effect card, the player must draw if it is.

Portugal
In Portugal, a variation on this game is called Puque. The rules are almost the same, with the 2 replacing the 8 as the "skip turn" card. A player must say Puque when playing his next-to-last card, and doesn't have to say anything different from end with a Jack, still getting the double score.

Russia
Variants are called Чешский Дурак (Czech Fool), Фараон (Pharaoh), Крокодил (Crocodile) or 101. Usually played with 36-card, French pack. The rules are similar to Czech and Slovak rules.
 * The players are dealt five cards.
 * Ace forces the next player to skip the turn.
 * 7 forces the next player to take 1 card (or more).
 * 6 forces to take one card (or more) and skip.
 * Queen changes suit.
 * (optional) 10 changes turn direction.
 * (optional) King of spades forces to take multiple cards and skip.

Slovakia
In Slovakia, the game is called Faraón (Pharaoh). It is the same as in the Czech Republic with the following exceptions:
 * Players are dealt 5 cards initially. The loser of a hand starts all subsequent hands with one card fewer. Once a player has lost four hands he starts the next with only one card. If he loses a further hand he is out of the game. The winner of each hand plays first on the following hand.
 * A player can play several cards of the same rank in succession, for example if a heart is on top of the discard pile he could play the ace of hearts and the ace of leaves on top of it. The two aces would mean the next two players miss their turns. In some versions it is not possible for players to defend against an ace as they don't have a turn.
 * If a 7 (or more together) is played, the next player has to draw three cards (or six or nine or twelve). He can pass this penalty on to the subsequent player by playing a 7 (or more) too. This subsequent player must then draw three cards for each seven played in total (unless he plays sevens himself, passing the obligation to the next player and increasing it).
 * The Unter of Leaves cancels out the obligation to draw cards due to sevens and can have other jacks played on top of it by the same player.
 * An Ober can be played on any card. The player who plays it then chooses a suit. The next player then plays as if the Ober was of the chosen suit.
 * In some variations, when a player is forced to draw three cards (or six or nine or twelve), if he draws a 7 or an Unter of Leaves in the first 3 cards he may play it and make the subsequent player draw three cards (or cancel drawing cards in the case of the Unter of Leaves), though he has to keep the cards he has already drawn and his turn is skipped.

Switzerland
A Swiss version of the game called Tschau Sepp, played with 36 cards, has existed at least since the early 1960s.