Microlophus

Microlophus is a genus of tropidurid lizards native to South America. Around 20 species are recognized and 10 of these are endemic to the Galápagos Islands, where they are commonly known as lava lizards (they are sometimes placed in Tropidurus instead). The remaining, which often are called Pacific iguanas, are found in the Andes and along the Pacific coasts of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador.

The distribution of the lava lizards and their variations in shape, colour, and behaviour show the phenomenon of adaptive radiation so typical of the inhabitants of this archipelago. One species occurs on all the central and western islands, which were perhaps connected during periods of lower sea levels, while one species each occurs on six other more peripheral islands. All have most likely evolved from a single ancestral species. However, as usual for the Tropiduridae, they can change their colour individually to some extent, and members of the same species occurring in different habitats also show colour differences. Thus, animals living mainly on dark lava are darker than ones that live in lighter, sandy environments.

Species
Listed alphabetically by specific name. (* endemic to the Galapágos Islands).
 * Microlophus albemarlensis (Baur, 1890) – Galápagos lava lizard*
 * Microlophus arenarius (Tschudi, 1845)
 * Microlophus atacamensis (Donoso-Barros, 1960) – Atacamen Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus barringtonensis (Baur, 1892) – Santa Fe lava lizard*
 * Microlophus bivittatus (W. Peters, 1871) – San Cristóbal lava lizard*
 * Microlophus delanonis (Baur, 1890) – Española lava lizard or Hood lava lizard*
 * Microlophus duncanensis (Baur, 1890) – Pinzón lava lizard*
 * Microlophus grayii (Bell, 1843) – Floreana lava lizard*
 * Microlophus habelii (Steindachner, 1876) – Marchena lava lizard*
 * Microlophus heterolepis (Wiegmann, 1834)
 * Microlophus indefatigabilis (Baur, 1890) – Santa Cruz lava lizard *
 * Microlophus jacobii (Baur, 1892) Santiago lava lizard *
 * Microlophus koepckeorum (Mertens, 1956) – Frost's iguana
 * Microlophus occipitalis (W. Peters, 1871) – knobbed Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) – Pinta lava lizard or common Pacific iguana*
 * Microlophus peruvianus (Lesson, 1830) – Peru Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus quadrivittatus (Tschudi, 1845) – four-banded Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus tarapacensis (Donoso-Barros, 1966) – Tarapaca Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus theresiae (Steindachner, 1901) – Theresia's Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus theresioides (Donoso-Barros, 1966) – corredor de pica (in Spanish)
 * Microlophus thoracicus (Tschudi, 1845) – Tschudi's Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus tigris (Tschudi, 1845) – tiger Pacific iguana
 * Microlophus yanezi (Ortiz-Zapata, 1980) – Yanez's lava lizard

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Microlophus.