Mingus (Joni Mitchell album)

Mingus is the tenth studio album by Canadian musician Joni Mitchell. It was released on June 13, 1979, and was her last studio album for Asylum Records. The album is a collaboration between Mitchell and Charles Mingus. It was recorded in the months before and after Mingus' death in January 1979 and is wholly dedicated to him. The album is one of Mitchell's most experimental and jazz-centric works. Mingus originally wrote six compositions ("Joni I-VI") for Mitchell to write lyrics for; three of these were included on the album. Two other tracks written exclusively by Mitchell are included, alongside a new version of Mingus' standard "Goodbye Pork Pie Hat", featuring lyrics written by Mitchell. In addition to these, five spoken word tracks (denoted as "raps") are dispersed throughout the album.

Mitchell is backed on the album by Jaco Pastorius (who had also contributed to Mitchell's two previous albums) on fretless bass, Wayne Shorter on saxophone, Herbie Hancock on electric piano, Peter Erskine on drums and Don Alias on percussion. Mingus received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and peaked at number 17 in the US. "The Dry Cleaner from Des Moines" was released as a single to promote the album, but did not chart. Mitchell would tour to promote the album through 1979–80; performances from these concerts would be documented on the live album Shadows and Light (1980).

Critical reception
The Globe and Mail wrote that "the melodies have a little wider range and a more legitimate jazz feeling to them than Mitchell could compose, but given Mitchell's peculiar vocal talent, what started out Mingus ended up sounding just like Joni Mitchell, moving forward once again into new territory."

Personnel
Sources:

Musicians
Prior to recording the album, Mitchell had several "experimental sessions" with New York musicians who had worked with Mingus. These musicians included: • Eddie Gómez –	bass

• John Guerin –	drums

• Phil Woods – alto saxophone

• Gerry Mulligan – baritone saxophone

• Dannie Richmond –	narration

• Tony Williams – drums

• John McLaughlin – guitar

• Jan Hammer – mini Moog

• Stanley Clarke – bass The recordings of the "experimental sessions", rumored to have been lost, destroyed, or otherwise made unavailable, have become available as bootleg tapes.

The personnel on the actual album were: • Joni Mitchell – guitar, vocals

• Jaco Pastorius – bass; horn arrangement on "The Dry Cleaner from Des Moines"

• Wayne Shorter – soprano saxophone

• Herbie Hancock – electric piano

• Peter Erskine – drums

• Don Alias – congas

• Emil Richards – percussion

• wolves - howling on "The Wolf That Lives in Lindsay"

Technical
Mixed by Joni Mitchell, Henry Lewy and Steve Katz Mastered by Bernie Grundman Personal Management: Elliot Roberts Paintings by Joni Mitchell Art direction: Glen Christensen

Recorded at A&M Studios in Hollywood by Henry Lewy and Steve Katz Additional recordings at Electric Lady Studios, New York by Henry Lewy and Jerry Solomon