Monarchies in Asia

There are several monarchies in Asia, while some states function as absolute monarchies where the king has complete authority over the state, others are constitutional monarchies where a monarch exercises authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making.

United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates consists of seven emirates that are all ruled by absolute monarchs. The President of the United Arab Emirates is an office held by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and the office of Prime Minister is held by the Ruler of Dubai. The seven Emirates of the UAE are:


 * Emirate of Abu Dhabi
 * Emirate of Ajman
 * Emirate of Dubai
 * Emirate of Fujairah
 * Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah
 * Emirate of Sharjah
 * Emirate of Umm al-Quwain

Gallery
Note: Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi of Ajman, Saud bin Rashid Al Mu'alla of Umm al-Quwain, Saud bin Saqr Al-Qasimi of Ras al-Khaimah, and Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi of Fujairah are not pictured.

Malaysia
Malaysia, where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme Head of State) is elected to a five-year term. Nine hereditary rulers from the Malay States form a Council of Rulers who will determine the next Agong via a secret ballot. The position has to date, been de facto rotated through the State rulers, originally based on seniority. The nine Malay States are the;
 * Negeri Sembilan
 * Perlis Indera Kayangan
 * Sultanate of Selangor
 * Sultanate of Terengganu
 * Sultanate of Kedah
 * Sultanate of Kelantan
 * Sultanate of Pahang
 * Sultanate of Johor
 * Sultanate of Perak

The monarchy of Negeri Sembilan is itself elective.

India and Pakistan
The British ruled Indian Empire became independent from British rule in 1947 and became the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan and in 1950 India became the Republic of India, in 1956 Pakistan became the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and in 1971 the province of East Pakistan separated from Pakistan to become Bangladesh. Princely states were only in the present-day countries of India and Pakistan, and not Bangladesh. The princely states who were vassal states of the British, had a certain degree of power and autonomy during the British Raj. The princely states had integrated into the newly independent India and Pakistan between 1947 and 1975 (the majority of states ascended into India or Pakistan in 1948) and the former monarchs of the princely states who joined before 1971 in India and before 1972 in Pakistan became titular rulers that received a privy purse and initially retained their statuses, privileges, and autonomy. During this time, the former princely states in India were merged into unions, each of which was headed by a former ruling prince with the title of Rajpramukh (ruling chief), equivalent to a state governor.

In 1956, the position of Rajpramukh was abolished and the federations dissolved, the former principalities becoming part of Indian states. The states which acceded to Pakistan retained their status until the promulgation of a new constitution in 1956, when most became part of the province of West Pakistan; a few of the former states retained their autonomy until 1969 when they were fully integrated into Pakistan. The Indian Government formally derecognised the princely families in 1971, followed by the Pakistani Government in 1972, in which their titles, autonomy, and privy purses were take away. Presently the rulers of the former princely states are pretenders who carry out ceremonial roles.

Indonesia
Indonesia is a republic, however several provinces or regencies preserves their own monarchy, although only Special Region of Yogyakarta that retain actual administrative authority, the rest only holds cultural significance.
 * Sultanate of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia
 * Pakualaman, a princely state in Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia
 * Mangkualaman, it was divided out of the historical holdings of the royal family of Pakualaman on 23 August 2021 as a proposed settlement between royal claimants with KGPAA Mangku Alam Al-Haj Maulana Abdullah Khalifatullah Al-Jawi as head of the principality. The settlement is based on the historic restoration of the Merdiko Praja Mangkualaman Principality, which was established on March 7, 1822, by the Dutch East Indies colonial government.
 * Surakarta Sunanate, Surakarta, Central Java
 * Mangkunegaran, a princely state in Surakarta, Central Java
 * Keraton Kasepuhan, Cirebon, West Java
 * Keraton Kanoman, Cirebon, West Java
 * Keraton Keprabonan, Cirebon, West Java
 * Keraton Kacirebonan, Cirebon, West Java
 * Sultanate of Riau-Lingga, Riau Islands
 * Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, Riau
 * Sultanate of Deli, Medan, North Sumatra
 * Pontianak Sultanate, Pontianak, West Kalimantan
 * Sultanate of Banjar, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan
 * Kutai Sultanate, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan
 * Bima Sultanate, Bima, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara
 * Ternate Sultanate, North Maluku

Philippines
Although the Philippines is a republic, the Southern Philippines have retained their monarchical traditions and are protected under the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997.


 * Sultanate of Sulu
 * Sultanate of Maguindanao
 * Confederate States of Lanao