Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

Montgomery County, colloquially referred to as Montco, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population of the county was 856,553, making it the third-most populous county in Pennsylvania after Philadelphia and Allegheny counties. The county is part of the Southeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county seat and largest city is Norristown. The county is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington PA-NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area, known as the Delaware Valley, and marks the Delaware Valley's northern border with the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania.

The county borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city, to its southeast, Bucks County to its east, Berks and Lehigh counties to its north, Delaware County to its south, and Chester County to its southwest.

The county was created on September 10, 1784, out of land originally part of Philadelphia County. The first courthouse was housed in the Barley Sheaf Inn. It is believed to have been named either for Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while attempting to capture Quebec City, or for the Welsh county of Montgomeryshire, which was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counselors, Roger de Montgomerie, since it was part of the Welsh Tract, an area of Pennsylvania settled by Quakers from Wales.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 487 sqmi, 483 sqmi of which was land and 4.2 sqmi (0.9%) of which was water.

Adjacent counties

 * Lehigh County (north)
 * Bucks County (northeast)
 * Philadelphia County (southeast)
 * Delaware County (southwest)
 * Chester County (west)
 * Berks County (northwest)

National protected area

 * Valley Forge National Historical Park (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county was 73.27% White (72.18% White, non-Hispanic), 9.55% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American or Alaskan Native, 7.94% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, and 2.87% some other race; 6.13% were two or more races. 6.36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The largest townships/boroughs in Montgomery County include:

Economy
Montgomery County is a suburb of Philadelphia, the nation's sixth most populous city. Many Montco residents work in the city, but the county is also a major employment center with large business parks in Blue Bell, Lansdale, Fort Washington, Horsham, and King of Prussia attracting thousands of workers from all over the region. The strong job base and taxes generated by those jobs have resulted in Montgomery County receiving the highest credit rating of 'AAA' from Standard & Poor's, one of fewer than 30 counties in the United States with such a rating. In 2012, Moody's downgraded the general obligation rating to Aa1, and in 2018 the rating was revised back to Aaa.

Major employers include:


 * Abington School District
 * ABM Industries
 * ACTS Retirement-Life Communities
 * Aetna
 * Arcadia University
 * Giant
 * GlaxoSmithKline
 * Hatfield Quality Meats
 * Hatboro-Horsham School District
 * Holy Redeemer Health System
 * Janssen
 * Jefferson Abington Hospital
 * Lockheed Martin
 * Lower Merion School District
 * King of Prussia mall
 * Main Line Health
 * McNeil Consumer Healthcare
 * Merck
 * Montgomery County Community College
 * Motorola Mobility
 * Norristown Area School District
 * North Penn School District
 * Pfizer
 * Prudential
 * Quaker Chemical Corporation
 * Quest Diagnostics
 * SEI Investments Company
 * Souderton Area School District
 * Spring-Ford Area School District

Colleges and universities

 * Arcadia University
 * Bryn Athyn College
 * Bryn Mawr College
 * DeVry University – Fort Washington
 * Gwynedd Mercy University
 * Haverford College
 * Manor College
 * Montgomery County Community College
 * Pennsylvania College of Optometry (Salus University)
 * Penn State Abington – a commonwealth campus of Pennsylvania State University
 * Reconstructionist Rabbinical College
 * Rosemont College
 * St. Charles Borromeo Seminary
 * Saint Joseph's University
 * Temple University – Ambler
 * Ursinus College
 * Westminster Theological Seminary

Public school districts
School districts:


 * Abington School District
 * Boyertown Area School District
 * Cheltenham Township School District
 * Colonial School District
 * Hatboro-Horsham School District
 * Jenkintown School District
 * Lower Merion School District
 * Lower Moreland Township School District
 * Methacton School District
 * Norristown Area School District
 * North Penn School District
 * Perkiomen Valley School District
 * Pottsgrove School District
 * Pottstown School District
 * Souderton Area School District
 * Springfield Township School District
 * Spring-Ford Area School District
 * Upper Dublin School District
 * Upper Merion Area School District
 * Upper Moreland School District
 * Upper Perkiomen School District
 * Wissahickon School District
 * Bryn Athyn School District – exists as an entity, but does not operate any schools. Public school students attend class in neighboring districts.

Private secondary schools

 * Academy Of The New Church Boys School
 * Academy Of The New Church Girls School
 * Abington Friends School
 * The Baldwin School
 * AIM Academy
 * Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy, formerly known as the Akiba Hebrew Academy
 * Bishop McDevitt High School (closed)
 * Calvary Baptist School
 * Coventry Christian Schools
 * Dock Mennonite Academy
 * Friends' Central School
 * Germantown Academy
 * Gwynedd Mercy Academy High School
 * Haverford School
 * The Hill School
 * Huntingdon Valley Christian Academy
 * Indian Creek Mennonite School
 * Lakeside School
 * Lansdale Catholic High School
 * La Salle College High School
 * Lincoln Academy
 * Main Line Academy
 * Martin Luther School
 * Mary, Mother of the Redeemer Catholic School
 * Meadowbrook School
 * Merion Mercy Academy
 * Mount Saint Joseph Academy
 * New Life Youth and Family Services
 * The Pathway School
 * The Perkiomen School
 * Phil-Mont Christian Academy
 * Pope John Paul II Catholic High School, replaced Kennedy-Kenrick Catholic High School and Saint Pius X High School in 2010.
 * Reformation Christian School
 * Saint Aloysius School
 * Saint Basil Academy (closed)
 * Saint Katherine Day School
 * Stowe Lighthouse Christ Academy
 * The Shipley School
 * Torah Academy of Greater Philadelphia
 * Trinity Christian Academy
 * Valley Christian School at Huntingdon Valley Presbyterian Church
 * Valley Forge Baptist Academy
 * Wordsworth Academy
 * Wyncote Academy

Night schools/adult education

 * Abington Township Adult School
 * Cheltenham Township Adult School

Communities


Under Pennsylvania law, five types of incorporated municipalities are listed: cities, boroughs, townships, home rule municipalities (which can include communities that bear the name "Borough" or "Township") and, in at most two cases, towns. These boroughs, townships, and home rule municipalities are located in Montgomery County:

Home rule municipalities

 * Bryn Athyn
 * Cheltenham Township
 * Horsham Township
 * Norristown (county seat)
 * Plymouth Township
 * Whitemarsh Township

Boroughs

 * Ambler
 * Bridgeport
 * Bryn Athyn
 * Collegeville
 * Conshohocken
 * East Greenville
 * Green Lane
 * Hatboro
 * Hatfield
 * Jenkintown
 * Lansdale
 * Narberth
 * Norristown
 * North Wales
 * Pennsburg
 * Pottstown
 * Red Hill
 * Rockledge
 * Royersford
 * Schwenksville
 * Souderton
 * Telford (lies partly in Bucks County)
 * Trappe
 * West Conshohocken

Townships

 * Abington
 * Cheltenham
 * Douglass
 * East Norriton
 * Franconia
 * Hatfield
 * Horsham
 * Limerick
 * Lower Frederick
 * Lower Gwynedd
 * Lower Merion
 * Lower Moreland
 * Lower Pottsgrove
 * Lower Providence
 * Lower Salford
 * Marlborough
 * Montgomery
 * New Hanover
 * Perkiomen
 * Plymouth
 * Salford
 * Skippack
 * Springfield
 * Towamencin
 * Upper Dublin
 * Upper Frederick
 * Upper Gwynedd
 * Upper Hanover
 * Upper Merion
 * Upper Moreland
 * Upper Pottsgrove
 * Upper Providence
 * Upper Salford
 * West Norriton
 * West Pottsgrove
 * Whitemarsh
 * Whitpain
 * Worcester

Census-designated places
Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the United States Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here, as well.


 * Arcadia University
 * Ardmore
 * Audubon
 * Bala Cynwyd
 * Blue Bell
 * Bryn Mawr
 * Cheltenham (Cheltenham Village)
 * Eagleville
 * Elkins Park
 * Evansburg
 * Flourtown
 * Fort Washington
 * Gilbertsville
 * Glenside
 * Halfway House
 * Harleysville
 * Haverford College
 * Horsham
 * King of Prussia
 * Kulpsville
 * McKinley
 * Maple Glen
 * Merion Station
 * Mont Clare
 * Montgomeryville
 * Oreland
 * Penn Wynne
 * Plymouth Meeting
 * Pottsgrove
 * Rosemont
 * Roslyn
 * Sanatoga
 * Skippack
 * Spring House
 * Spring Mount
 * Stowe
 * Swedeland
 * Trooper
 * Villanova (partly in Delaware County)
 * Willow Grove
 * Woxall
 * Wyncote
 * Wyndmoor

Even though the historic village of Valley Forge, as well as the park, are partially located within Montgomery County, the modern village is in Chester County, PA

Unincorporated communities

 * Ardsley
 * Bethayres
 * Dresher
 * Frederick, a village in New Hanover Township.
 * Graterford
 * Gladwyne
 * Gwynedd
 * Gwynedd Valley
 * Huntingdon Valley (small sections in Bucks County)
 * Lafayette Hill
 * Lederach
 * Linfield
 * Meadowbrook
 * Melrose Park
 * Oaks
 * Port Providence
 * Wynnewood (partly in Delaware County)

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Montgomery County.

† county seat

Major roads and highways




Public transportation
The county is served by the SEPTA, which include bus, commuter rail, and interurban rail services. Pottstown Area Rapid Transit (PART) also provides bus services around the Pottstown area in the western portion of the county.


 * SEPTA
 * City Division and Suburban Division bus routes
 * Regional Rail's Cynwyd, Lansdale/Doylestown, Manayunk/Norristown, Paoli/Thorndale, Warminster, and West Trenton lines
 * Norristown High Speed Line (NHSL), an interurban light rapid transit line connecting the Norristown Transportation Center to 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby, Delaware County

Airports
Commercial airline service is provided primarily by Philadelphia International Airport, one of the nation's largest commercial airports, located in Philadelphia and Delaware counties.

Other public use airports include Heritage Field in Limerick Township, Wings Field in Blue Bell, and Pottstown Municipal Airport in Pottstown.

Culture

 * The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential (IAHP), a nonprofit organization founded by Glenn Doman, was established in Wyndmoor in 1955. The IAHP is an educational organization that teaches parents about child brain development, and is a treatment center for brain-injured children.
 * The Old York Road Symphony, based in Abington, is one of the oldest all-volunteer orchestras in the country, founded in 1932.

Climate
The majority of the county has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa). In most southern areas of the county and along the Schuylkill River including Pottstown a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) exists. The hardiness zone is 7a for the majority of the county and 7b in most areas south of Interstate 276. 6b only continues to exist in some very small higher areas in the north. 

Politics
As of March 4, 2024, there are 606,385 registered voters in Montgomery County.


 * Democratic: 302,985 (49.96%)
 * Republican: 205,268 (33.85%)
 * Independent: 67,703 (11.16%)
 * Minor parties: 30,429 (5.02%)

Montgomery County historically was a stronghold for the Republican Party. The county was the only one carried by Barbara Hafer in the 1990 gubernatorial election over the incumbent governor, Bob Casey. However, the Democratic Party has made substantial gains in the county over the last quarter-century and gained the registration edge early in 2008.

Like neighboring Bucks County, the county voted Democratic during the Civil War era, voting Democratic between 1856 and 1876, except in 1860 and 1872. Like most of Philadelphia's suburbs, the brand of Republicanism practiced in Montgomery County for much of the 20th century was moderate. As the national parties have polarized, the county's voters have increasingly supported Democrats at the national level. The county voted for the Republican presidential nominee in all but two elections from 1880 to 1988, that being in 1892 and 1964. However, Montgomery County residents have voted for the Democratic presidential nominee since 1992, with the margins progressively increasing between every election, except in 2012. In the 2020 election, Joe Biden became the first Democrat to obtain over 60% of the county's vote.

Despite Donald Trump's victory in the state of Pennsylvania in the 2016 presidential election, Montgomery County was one of the few counties in Pennsylvania that swung in the Democratic presidential candidates' direction with Hillary Clinton winning Montgomery County with 58.87% of the vote, an improvement from Barack Obama's 56.6% vote share in 2012. In the 2016 U.S. Senate and Pennsylvania Attorney General elections, Montgomery County voted for Katie McGinty and Josh Shapiro, both Democrats.

Most county-level offices were held by Republicans until after the 2007 election, when Democrats picked up control of five row offices. Democrats have also won several elections in the Pennsylvania General Assembly in recent years, including two GOP-leaning State House districts in 2004, the 148th with Mike Gerber and the 153rd with current Governor Josh Shapiro. Today, although the county is very Democratic at the national level, at the state and local level, it is not specifically partisan.

In the 2004 United States Senate election, Republican Arlen Specter won the county over Montco resident Joe Hoeffel, but Democrat Bob Casey, Jr. out-polled Rick Santorum in the 2006 Senate election. In 2006, Democrat Rick Taylor unseated incumbent Republican Eugene McGill in the 151st, although Taylor lost in 2010 to Republican Todd Stephens and, in 2008, Democrat Matthew Bradford unseated incumbent Republican Jay Moyer in the 70th. Six of the county's 12 state house seats and four of the county's eight senate seats are now held by Democrats. All four statewide Democratic candidates carried Montgomery in 2008, with Barack Obama receiving 60% of the county's vote. Barack Obama won Montgomery County in 2008 and 2012.


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Government
Montgomery County is governed by a three-person county commission. The current composition is two Democrats and one Republican. By law, the county commission must have one member of a minority party represented.

County row offices
As of the November 2019 election:

Same-sex marriage
On July 24, 2013, Montgomery County Register of Wills D. Bruce Hanes, a Democrat, announced he would begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples, flouting Pennsylvania law banning such unions. Hanes called the commonwealth's ban "arbitrary and suspect", saying he believes it violates the Pennsylvania Constitution and the United States Constitution. The Republican administration of Governor Tom Corbett filed suit in the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania in an attempt to block Hanes from licensing same-sex marriage. Commonwealth Court Judge Dan Pellegrini ordered Hanes in September 2013 to stop issuing same-sex marriage licenses. After Federal Judge John Jones threw out Pennsylvania's ban on same-sex marriage in May 2014, calling it unconstitutional, offices in other counties were able to issue these licenses, while Hanes had to wait for the ruling against him to be removed.