Morane-Saulnier MS.230

The Morane-Saulnier MS.230 aircraft was the main elementary trainer for the French Armée de l'Air throughout the 1930s. Almost all French pilots flying for the Armée de l'Air at the outbreak of World War II had had their earliest flight training in this machine. It was the equivalent of the Stearman trainer in the United States air services and the de Havilland Tiger Moth in the British Royal Air Force.

Development and design
The MS.230 was designed to meet French Air Ministry requirements. It was a parasol wing monoplane with a metal structure covered with fabric except for the forward fuselage, which was metal covered. The instructor and pupil occupied tandem cockpits. It had a wide-track fixed landing gear that made it very stable in takeoff and landing. The MS.230 differed from other trainers of the time, which were mostly biplanes.

It first flew in February 1929 and proved to be an excellent and stable machine which was very easy to fly. It saw service with military flight schools throughout France and was exported to the air forces of numerous other countries. It also became a popular aircraft for sporting aviation. An example won the Michelin Cup in 1929.

Numbers of MS.230s survived for many years after the war and became civilian trainers and civilian flying club aircraft. One was used in 1967 to act as camera-ship for air-to-air filming of Darling Lili at Baldonnel Aerodrome, Ireland. Examples are preserved on display in museums in Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Spain and the United States of America.

Popular culture
A MS.230 was used at the end of the movie The Blue Max as the "new monoplane" in which Lt. Stachel is killed during a test flight.

Variants
Source:
 * MS.229 : Hispano-Suiza 8a V8, for the  Schweizer Flieger- und Fliegerabwehrtruppen (Swiss Army Air Service); two built, one converted to Hispano-Suiza 9Qa radial in 1932.


 * MS.230 : over 1,100 built; 20 bought by Romania and 25 by Greece in 1931, 9 each bought by Belgium and Brazil; main Armee de l'Air trainer for years; operated by several well-known private owners including Lynn Garrison and Louis Dolfus; some used for trials with Handley Page slats, or skis; one fitted with Lorraine 9Nb Algol Junior.


 * MS.231 : six built, with 179 kW (240 hp) Lorraine 7Mb, 1930.


 * MS.232 : experimental version with 149 kW (200 hp) Clerget 9Ca diesel, 1930.


 * MS.233 : powered by 172 kW (230 hp) Gnome-Rhône 5Ba or Gnome-Rhône 5Bc, six built in France and 16 in Portugal under licence for the Portuguese military.


 * MS.234 : 186 kW (250 hp) Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine, two built, one for U.S. Ambassador in Paris.


 * MS.234/2 : converted from MS.130 Coupe Michelin racer with 172 kW) (230 hp) Hispano 9Qb and NACA cowling, entered in 1931 Coupe Michelin air race, 86 kW (250 hp) Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine. Fitted with a Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine as MS.234 #2, flown in aerobatic competition by Michael Detroyat until 1938.


 * MS.235 : 224 kW (300 hp) Gnome-Rhône 7Kb engine, one built 1930.


 * MS.235H : twin-float version, first flown 1931.


 * MS.236 : fitted with 160 kW (215 hp) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC, 19 built under licence for Belgian Air Force by SABCA, first flown July 1932.


 * MS.237 : 209 kW (280 hp) Salmson 9Aba engine, five built for private users, introduced 1934.

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Operators

 * Belgian Air Force
 * Brazilian Air Force
 * Czechoslovakian Air Force (as C23)
 * French Air Force
 * French Navy
 * Vichy France
 * Vichy French Air Force
 * Nazi Germany
 * Luftwaffe (small numbers)
 * Hellenic Air Force
 * Portuguese Air Force
 * Kingdom of Romania
 * Royal Romanian Air Force
 * Spanish Republic
 * Spanish Republican Air Force
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland
 * Swiss Air Force
 * United States Army Air Corps
 * Venezuelan Air Force
 * Spanish Republic
 * Spanish Republican Air Force
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland
 * Swiss Air Force
 * United States Army Air Corps
 * Venezuelan Air Force
 * Venezuelan Air Force
 * Venezuelan Air Force