Moroccan lantern

Moroccan lantern, also known as fanoos in Arabic, are distinctive decorative lights typically crafted from metals like brass or colored glass and are an essential part of Moroccan and Middle Eastern decor. They originate from Moroccan and Moorish architectural styles, and are of the hanging and standing varieties, which are suitable for placement on tables or shelves, suspension from ceilings with chains or hooks, or mounting on walls.

Comparison to Turkish and Egyptian lanterns
In Morocco, the Fanoos extends beyond its traditional association with Ramadan unlike the Egyptian Fanoos, becoming a part of daily life. These lanterns year-round and not just seasonally. Also, unlike items Egyptian counterpart, it is an integral part of Moroccan decor, found hanging from ceilings, standing on tables, or illuminating outdoor spaces like patios, and not just on the streets like in Egypt. Both Moroccan and Egyptian lamps are handcrafted, but Egyptian lamps primarily use the holes technique. Moroccan lamps offer a broader range of designs and styles.

They are typically crafted from metal and colored glass, unlike Turkish lanterns, which are mostly made from colored glass. Also Moroccan lamps are made of patterned holes, while Turkish lamps feature geometric glass patterns.

Features
Noted for their detailed craftsmanship, Moroccan lanterns project intricate shadows and patterns when lit. These lanterns blend elaborate patterns, vivid colors, and metal elements to create atmosphere and ambience. Many of these lanterns are handmade by artisans in Marrakech.

History
The location of Morocco, situated at a crossroads between Africa, Europe, and Asia, are blended into the design of its lanterns as it has absorbed diverse influences over the centuries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, the Arab world, and Persia.

These designs spread to India during the Mughal era, particularly practiced in Moradabad, known as "Brass City" or "Pital Nagri." Established by Rustam Khan in 1625 AD under Shah Jahan's reign, the brass handicrafts sector in Moradabad helped Moroccan lamps gain popularity. By the 1830s, the Bohemian art movement in France further integrated Moroccan styles, combining them with European and oriental motifs.

Crafting techniques
Moroccan lanterns are handmade. Three primary techniques are used in their creation namely:


 * Serrouj (fretsaw technique)
 * Artisans start with pure brass sheets, cut and shaped according to a paper frame. Using a traditional fretsaw, they create intricate designs, then hammer and weld the pieces together.


 * Tekhrame (hammercraft method)
 * This simpler method involves shaping small brass triangles, hammering, and polishing them into the final product, requiring less precision.


 * Holes (needle and hammer technique)
 * Artisans cut brass into desired shapes, then use hammers and needles to create detailed patterns, with time and effort varying by product size.

Cultural significance
In Morocco, hanging lanterns are often associated with upper-class status and wealth, frequently seen at the entrances of palaces and grand homes. They are used to enhance dining areas or foyers and can be paired with other traditional Moroccan decor items like Berber carpets, Moroccan tiles, and patterned cushions to achieve an authentic Moroccan style.

It serves as the centerpiece of events like the Ramadan.