Music for 18 Musicians

Music for 18 Musicians is a work of minimalist music composed by Steve Reich during 1974–1976. Its world premiere was on April 24, 1976, at The Town Hall in the Midtown Manhattan Theater District. Following this, a recording of the piece was released on the ECM New Series in 1978.

Composition
In his introduction to the score, Reich mentions that although the piece is named Music for 18 Musicians, it is not necessarily advisable to perform the piece with that few players due to the extensive need for musicians to perform on multiple instruments.

The piece is based on a cycle of eleven chords. A small piece of music is based on each chord, and the piece returns to the original cycle at the end. The sections are named "Pulses", and Section I–XI. This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles, and the extension of performers resulted in a growth of psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". A prominent factor in this work is the augmentation of the harmonies and melodies and the way that they develop this piece. Another important factor in the piece is the use of human breath, used in the clarinets and voices, which help structure and bring a pulse to the piece. The player plays the pulsing note for as long as they can hold it, while each chord is melodically deconstructed by the ensemble, along with augmentation of the notes held. The metallophone (unplugged vibraphone), is used to cue the ensemble to change patterns or sections.

Some sections of the piece have a chiastic ABCDCBA structure, and Reich noted that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had previously written.

Recordings
There have been many performances of the piece, and several commercial recordings:
 * The original ECM version played by Steve Reich and Musicians (1978)
 * The Nonesuch version, played by Reich and musicians along with new musicians, a new recording of which is included on Steve Reich: Works 1965-1995 (1997/2015)
 * The Ensemble Modern version (1999)
 * The Amadinda Percussion Group version, a live concert recording (2003)
 * The Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble version (2007)
 * This 2007 Innova release, the first recorded in surround sound, has received critical praise, including from Steve Reich.
 * 'Music for 18 Musicians (Rough Fields Overdubbed Version)' by Rough Fields (solo)
 * The Harmonia Mundi version, played by Ensemble Signal. (2015)
 * The Erik Hall solo version (2020)
 * Colin Currie Group and Synergy Vocals (2023)
 * This 2023 recording is available in Dolby Atmos.

The version on Works 1965–1995 lasts just over an hour.

The remix album Reich Remixed includes an interpretation of Music for 18 Musicians by the British duo Coldcut.

Structure
With only 18 musicians, the parts are divided as follows:


 * 1) violin
 * 2) cello
 * 3) female voice
 * 4) female voice
 * 5) female voice
 * 6) piano
 * 7) piano
 * 8) piano and maracas
 * 9) marimba and maracas
 * 10) marimba and xylophone
 * 11) marimba and xylophone
 * 12) marimba and xylophone
 * 13) metallophone and piano
 * 14) piano and marimba
 * 15) marimba, xylophone, and piano
 * 16) clarinet and bass clarinet
 * 17) clarinet and bass clarinet
 * 18) female voice and piano