NScripter

NScripter (エヌスクリプター), officially abbreviated as Nscr, also known under its production title Scripter4, is a game engine developed by Naoki Takahashi between 1999 and 2018 functioning with its own script language which facilitates the creation of both visual and sound novels. The SDK is only available for Windows. From version 2.82, NScripter supports both Japanese characters - these are two bytes long - and any single-byte character; before that, it only supported Japanese characters. This engine was very popular in Japan because of its simplicity and because it was free for amateur game makers. Additionally, there are forks available to extend NScripter's capabilities to display characters from another language, run a game on other platforms, etc.

NScripter
NScripter's development ranged from 1999 to 2018; it was first called by its production title Scripter4 because it was the successor to Scripter3, Naoki Takahashi's previous engine. 23 February 2018 was the date of the release of the final version of NScripter.

Characteristics
The script is executed by the engine in an interpreter. The syntax is very simple, similar to the BASIC language. The functions needed to create visual novels and sound novels, such as displaying text, sprites and CG, playing music and handling choices, are built into the engine as a basic API. As a result, game creation is simplified by the ability to write a script that calls these functions directly.

In order to meet specific needs, it is possible to use a method called 'system customisation' which modifies the behaviour of the engine itself in order to add features such as a save system, complex effects not provided in the basic API, or video management. To do this, external DLLs can be used. These functions can be used to create simulation games, etc.

On the other hand, before version 2.92, object-oriented elements were not incorporated into the software and NScripter did not handle parallelism at all. The defsub statement was used to try to do structured programming within NScripter. Overall, NScripter specialises in the development of visual novels and sound novels, and the creation of these types of games is simplified.

In version 2.82, NScripter was given support for 1-byte characters - this allows writing in the core Latin alphabet and the English alphabet for English locutors.

Extension via Lua
Since version 2.93 released in 2009-04, it is possible to extend the capabilities of NScripter by using Lua.

Lua is implemented as a DLL and is launched by NScripter itself. It is possible to call any function of this language from a conventional NScripter script and call an NScripter function on the Lua side which allows to transfer almost completely the game script itself to Lua. In addition to complex numerical operations that were not possible with conventional NScripter, this language provides full functionality typical of script languages such as file operations, block scoping, array methods and module libraries. Lua allows NScripter to support parallelism, which now makes it possible to manipulate every element of the game simultaneously and in parallel; for example, when an animation is played, NScripter does nothing else at the same time. This language greatly improves and simplifies the description of the various extensions, which were previously done using a method called 'system customisation', and offers the possibility to modify the behaviour of the engine itself, for example to change the behaviour at the end of the game. However, the use of Lua is not mandatory and the old system customisation method is still available.

Documentation
NScripter has official documentation in electronic format and four official books dating from 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. The books are now only available as second hand copies. There are also unofficial electronic documentations like senzogawa's.

License
Regarding the license, non-commercial use of the software is allowed, any non-commercial game can then be distributed without paying a royalty.

In 2013, the terms of use were simplified and participants in games and other contests can now use the software free of charge, regardless of whether they receive a cash prize and regardless of the form of distribution of the winning work. In addition, as long as they are distributed for free, they can be used regardless of the distinction between business and individual users and the method of distribution. Even if a work is included in a magazine supplement as freeware or shareware, it can be used for free.

However, in order to sell a work commercially, a royalty must be paid once a game is rated by a rating body such as the EOCS. Even in the case of amateur games and open source software/games, once a royalty reaches 400 000 yen or more, it will be treated as a commercial work and will be taken care of if there are any problems with the engine. In this case, if the developer wants to add a feature - such as an extension or obfuscation treatment for each work - it will be taken care of as part of the royalty.

It is possible to negotiate or even not pay the fee; NScripter's developer is especially supportive of game developers who are not looking to make a profit and those who are struggling to do so because of the royalty.

Creating a DLL extension and redistributing it under the GPL is disallowed, however the LGPL is considered acceptable.

Popularity
This engine was very popular in Japan in the 2000s due to its simplicity and because it was free for amateur video game creators.

Examples of scripts
The following examples use ONScripter-EN's variant of the NScript script language.

Simple script
This simple script defines some basic parameters and displays a text.

Script with choice and background image
Any visual novel that is not linear or called 'kinetic novel' has choices. This script also contains the instructions used to display a background image and, in addition to that, with a fade-in effect per pixel.

Notable games using NScripter
Most of the games running on NScripter are amateur video games, so few NScripter games are notable. Most of the notable games below are commercial games and therefore commercial successes.
 * Tsukihime; although Type-Moon used NScripter for Tsukihime, the company later switched to KiriKiri for their next game, Fate/stay night.
 * 07th Expansion's sound novels - the When They Cry series, etc.; many people discovered NScripter and its derivatives through the 07th Expansion games, including many amateur translators.
 * The Narcissu series; the Narcissu series is probably the most popular free kinetic novels series running on NScripter.

NScripter2
NScripter2 (エヌスクリプターツー), also known by its production title Sunday Game Engine (SGE), is the successor to the NScripter game engine, it is developed by Naoki Takahashi. The SDK is only available for Windows.

Development and release
In September 2009, the prototype version of the engine was released under the name Sunday Game Engine. Since then, development has continued and the official beta version of the engine was made available on 31 August 2012.

Characteristics
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User's guide
As of June 2022, NScripter2 was still at the stage where only the engine itself and minimal documentation have been released. The developer intended to update and simplify it but the engine has not been updated since 2017.

Syntax
The syntax differs from NScripter although it is still inspired by the BASIC language - more precisely Visual Basic and QuickBasic - ; for example, the functions no longer start with an asterisk (*) but with an at symbol (@), the beginning function is no longer '*define' but '@start' and, another example, in order to be more coherent with Lua, the command to leave the program is no longer 'end' - the command that ends an 'if' condition in Lua - as it is in BASIC but 'quit'.

There is an unofficial extension for the libre text editor Atom that facilitates the development of scripts for NScripter2.

License
Fundamentally, the same licensing terms as NScripter apply, i.e. the engine is free for amateur games and non-commercial works. It is possible to use NScripter2 to develop commercial works, but a royalty must be paid.

Scripter3
Scripter3 (スクリプタースリー), officially abbreviated as Scr3 is a free proprietary game engine developed by Naoki Takahashi between 1998 and 1999 functioning with its own script language which facilitates the creation of both visual and sound novels. The SDK is only available for Windows. It is the predecessor of NScripter, another Naoki Takahashi engine with a more flexible syntax and more functionalities; for example, NScripter natively supports images in JPEG/JPG format while Scripter3 needs a DLL named 'jpeglib.dll'.

Characteristics
Scripter3 reads script files in plain text format with Shift-JIS encoding and TXT extension, the engine will read in order first the 0.txt file up to the 99.txt file, but can also read obfuscated scripts with .scp extension - equivalent to nscript.dat for NScripter -; priority is however given to plain text files. It is possible to display characters from the core Latin alphabet and the English alphabet, or misc. characters such as French quotation marks, but these must be full-width characters.

Scripter3 handles the text but does not handle the rest of the graphic part of the text boxes, which is essential for any visual novel to establish a contrast between decor and text. Developers have to incorporate the text box graphics directly into each background image, so there is often a copy of a background image without a text box and another with one. As a result, if the player right-clicks to hide the text, the text box remains displayed, because it is integrated into the background image.

The engine is able to read audio CDs, this allowed especially the creators of amateur video games to read audio CDs of other productions, often commercial, for example for parodies, etc.

Its successor, NScripter, has kept more or less the same instructions, so the two engines are relatively compatible with each other; for example, some instructions remain unchanged like the text Instruction (computer science) such as @, \, etc., we also find in both engines the *start label, the caption instruction, etc., while some instructions change like the bp command which is renamed to background in NScripter.

Popularity
Scripter3 was very popular during the years when Naoki Takahashi was still developing it, however, the engine has almost disappeared from the Internet and everything related to it is now only available on archive websites. Many users assisted each other on the official forum, the developer himself was present, watching day after day as his program became popular. According to the little information still online, when Scripter3 was in its golden age, it was more popular than the competing engine KiriKiri. After the last version of Scripter3 was released on 27 November 1999 and the developer recommended to switch to NScripter, the community behind Scripter3 switched to NScripter, which was available since 6 September 1999.

Related engines
The original NScripter engine has been recreated many times, cloned to add new features or to liberate itself from the proprietary license of the engine.

ONScripter
ONScripter is a libre software developed to be a free and compatible equivalent of NScripter. It has been developed by Studio O.G.A. since 6 February 2002 and its latest version was released on 16 August 2022. Although ONScripter can display single-byte characters for writing with the core Latin alphabet and the English alphabet, there are still many bugs; empty or incomplete lookback mode, etc. These problems have not been fixed. These problems were not fixed because the English-language branch of ONScripter, ONScripter-EN, fixed these problems and was therefore recommended to English-speaking translators. ONScripter relies on the SDL software library, which makes it compatible with a wide range of platforms.

Compatible platforms with ONScripter:

(alphabetical order)
 * Android
 * Brain (electronic dictionary under Windows CE 6.0)
 * Classic Mac OS
 * Dreamcast
 * FreeBSD
 * Linux
 * Haiku
 * iOS (iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad)
 * iPod (with iPod Linux installed)
 * macOS
 * NetBSD
 * NetWalker (Ubuntu)
 * Nintendo 3DS
 * Nintendo Switch (the second is a port of ONScripter-EN [backwards compatible with ONScripter] version onscripter-20060724-insani with SDL2)
 * OS/2
 * PlayStation 3
 * PSP (port of the Dreamcast port)
 * Solaris
 * Wii (port for ONScripter-EN, backwards compatible engine with ONScripter)
 * Windows
 * Zaurus

There is a Mandarin translation for ONScripter users of the 11 June 2005 English translation of Masato Sagara's 26 March 2002 NScripter documentation. This was started in 2011, abandoned and then resumed and completed in 2015. However, this translation is not considered to be particularly correct. The documentation is available online in both its original form and as blog posts.

ONScripter-EN
...

ONScripter-ANSI
ONScripter-ANSI is a fork of ONScripter-EN developed by Andy_Skull in early 2008 providing support for ANSI, which is a misnomer of the Windows-1252 character set. This version is used a lot by translators aiming at languages using the Cyrillic alphabet, it is notably stated that originally the software was mainly intended to be used for an aborted Russian translation of Umineko When They Cry. The last version was released on 10 October 2010, this version seems to be abandoned. ONScripter-ANSI is only available for computers running Windows with at least a 32-bit architecture.

ONScripter-RU
ONScripter-RU is a fork of ONScripter-EN developed from mid-2019 with the aim of supporting the Russian language. The only major use of ONScripter-RU is the 'Umineko PS3 project' - a new high definition PC version based on elements of the PS3 port. The engine is released under the GPLv2 and BSD licenses. ONScripter-RU uses its own engine 'hacks', useful for the previously mentioned project, so it is not compatible with other ONScripter forks. ONScripter-RU's documentation is very incomplete. ONScripter-RU is compatible with the following platforms:

(alphabetical order)
 * Android
 * GNU/Linux (64-bit) (Debian, Ubuntu [version 4.1 and higher])
 * iOS (minimum version 8.0+)
 * macOS (minimum version 10.6+)
 * Windows (minimum version XP SP3+) (32 bits)

PONScripter
PONScripter is a fork of ONScripter that was previously developed by Uncle "Mion" Sonozaki in 2011, providing proportional font and Unicode support. This version is not completely compatible with scripts made for ONScripter-EN, although this was one of the aims for the project. Proper development has been stalled, being the Sekai Project's fork the most updated fork.

PNaCl ONScripter
PNaCl ONScripter is a fork of ONScripter designed to incorporate Google's PNaCl sandbox technology. It allows its users to run NScripter games via HTML5 and therefore specifically targets the Chrome web browser by exporting the games as Chrome applications. This fork contains bugs and lacks some features such as text input and mouse wheel actions.

NscPlayer
NscPlayer is a fork of PNaCl ONScripter. It highlights the security that PNaCl technology offers, the user can play without worrying about malware potentially present in a game.

ONSlaught
Also known by its production title NONS, it is a clone of ONScripter designed by Víctor Manuel 'Helios_VMG' González in early 2009 to replace the latter completely - or at least be an alternative to it - with functionalities such as support for Unicode - UTF-8... - Shift-JIS, some of the functionalities of PONScripter - for example the ability to display text in italics or bold - or the ability to stretch a low-resolution image to full screen without changing the screen resolution itself. The developer has attempted to rapidly increase the portability of compatible games by accepting donations to purchase a PSP, however, this does not appear to have been successful. Although its goal is to be the most widely used NScripter engine, few visual novels designed for NScripter are compatible without some adaptation of the game scripts. The engine is used for the first time for the Spanish amateur translation of Tsukihime.

Like PONScripter and ONScripter-EN, ONSlaught comes with an executable; in these recent versions, however, it is only intended for computers running Windows with at least a 32-bit architecture. It is also provided with an archive containing its source code and the software libraries on which it depends.

After the version of the engine dated 26 November 2011, the project is inactive until July 2021 when the engine was updated.

CCScripter
CCScripter is a clone developed by toveta in M (Microsoft programming language) that allows its users to play and develop NScripter games on macOS. Support and software updates were stopped on 18 October 2004 with version 0.8.24, the author proposed to users to migrate to ONScripter.

KScripter
KScripter is a clone inspired by NScripter in ActionScript 3. KScripter can therefore run on any operating system as long as it is compatible with Flash. The extension of the executable of a software or game created with KScripter is therefore .SWF. The engine can interact with the Web via languages such as PHP, Ruby or JavaScript.

Chinese modified version
A modified version was, for example, used for the Mandarin translation of Narcissu.

Korean modified version
Korean internauts have published a modified version of NScripter 2.96 to support their language.

A modified version was, for example, used for the Korean translation of Higurashi When They Cry.

Competing engines
NScripter has some competitors like the Buriko General Interpreter (Buriko General Interpreter) engine - also called Ethornell - widely used by August and OVERDRIVE companies as well as MangaGamer, an English-language localization company founded by OVERDRIVE, Circus and NEXTON. Another strong competitor is KiriKiri - also abbreviated as KAG -; this engine is libre, has open source code and was for example chosen by Type-Moon for the production of their game Fate/stay night, the company had previously developed Tsukihime, a game developed using NScripter which was a strong commercial success.

Internationally, however, its competitor is Ren'Py, which has enabled the production of more than 4 000 games.