Nacimiento Dam

Nacimiento Dam is a dam on the Nacimiento River about 10 mi northwest of Paso Robles, California in the United States. The primary purpose of the dam is to provide groundwater recharge for agriculture in Monterey County and northern San Luis Obispo County supported by the Salinas Valley aquifer, as well as flood control, domestic water supply, and hydropower. It forms Lake Nacimiento, popular for boating, fishing and camping, and known locally as the "Dragon Lake" due to its shape.

Although located in San Luis Obispo County, the Nacimiento Dam and nearby San Antonio Dam, which forms Lake San Antonio, are both owned and operated by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency. It was completed in 1957.

History
Prior to the construction of Nacimiento Dam, the lower Nacimiento River (and the Salinas River) only flowed during the wet season between December and May. Without enough time to be absorbed into the Salinas Valley aquifer, much of the stormwater flowed directly into the Pacific Ocean. As the Salinas Valley developed as a major agricultural region dependent on groundwater, the Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (now Monterey County Water Resources Agency, MCWRA) proposed a reservoir on the Nacimiento River to capture winter floods, and release it at a low enough rate throughout the year to maximize groundwater recharge. Because the Nacimiento River is the biggest tributary of the Salinas River, the dam would capture up to half the annual peak flows in the entire Salinas River Basin.

Under the county plan, water would only be stored when the flow rate at the confluence of the Nacimiento and Salinas Rivers exceeded 300 cuft/s, which was estimated as the highest volume the riverbed can naturally absorb. When natural runoff exceeded this amount, no water would be released. The California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) opposed the project due to the detrimental impacts this would have on winter run steelhead trout. The DFG sought a minimum flow of 50 cuft/s in the Nacimiento River, which the county believed would place too great a demand on the new reservoir. Ultimately, the county won and was granted the water rights for the reservoir in 1955 without any provisions for fishery flows.

Construction of Nacimiento Dam began in 1955 and was completed in 1957. The reservoir filled to capacity for the first time in 1958. After further petitioning from the DFG, the MCWRA now maintains a minimum flow of 10 cuft/s in the Nacimiento River except in years of severe drought.

Monterey County is entitled to most of the water supply from Lake Nacimiento. The dam releases an average of 194000 acre feet of water per year for groundwater recharge and instream flows in the Nacimiento River (also including occasional releases for flood control). San Luis Obispo County has a smaller allocation of 17500 acre feet per year which is used for domestic water supply via the Nacimiento Water Project, providing water to Paso Robles, Templeton, Atascadero and San Luis Obispo. Although proposed since the 1950s, the Nacimiento Water Project was not completed until 2011.

Specifications
Nacimiento Dam is an earthfill dam with a height of 210 ft and a crest length of 1630 ft. Altogether, the dam contains 3270000 yd3 of material. The crest of the dam is 825 ft above sea level, and the spillway crest elevation is 787.75 ft. The concrete spillway is located on the north side of the dam and is controlled by an inflatable Obermeyer gate. The dam also has two outlet works, a low level valve for normal water releases with a design capacity of 460 cuft/s, and a high level valve for flood control with a capacity of 5500 cuft/s. There is also a small hydroelectric plant at the dam with a capacity of 4,000 kilowatts.

Lake Nacimiento has a design capacity of 377900 acre feet at a water level of 800 ft (the top of the spillway gates). The lake receives water from a drainage basin of 324 mi2 and covers up to 5400 acre. The conservation pool, which is used for irrigation, groundwater recharge and environmental flows, extends from the minimum operating level of 670 ft to the spillway crest of 787.75 ft; the flood control pool is all storage above the spillway crest. The surcharge (emergency flood control) pool extends from the spillway gate to the top of the dam at 825 ft. At this maximum level, the lake holds 538000 acre feet and increases to 7149 acre.

Due to the flooding tendency of the Nacimiento River, which has been called "the most active watershed in the state", the reservoir can fill quickly to capacity during wet winters. The spillway gates are left open between November 1 and May 1 in order to prevent the lake from overfilling. In contrast, it is often at low levels for multiple consecutive years during droughts. The lake spilled in 1958, 1969, 1983, 2011, 2017 and 2023.