Najmadin Shukr Rauf

Najmadin Shukr Rauf Zanganeh, known by his nom-de-guerre as "Mama Risha" (مامه‌ ڕیشه‌, July 1, 1957 – January 25, 1985), was a Kurdish guerilla fighter and member of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK).

Life
He was born in the village of Talaban near Kirkuk into a poor Kurdish family from the town of Chamchamal. As a teenager, his village was raided by the Iraqi military. Angered by what he witnessed during the raid, he would go on to join the PUK, quickly gaining a reputation as a fearless fighter. Later, as commander of the Garmiyan battalion, he was celebrated for his military prowess due to how he would organise ambushes and raids on Iraqi military columns.

According to some sources, he chose the nickname "Mama Risha" because he swore that he would never shave his beard until Kurdistan was fully free from the Ba'ath Party's control. He was also nicknamed "The Iron Man" and "Lion of Kirkuk" by his fellow guerrilla fighters due to his conduct during battles with Iraqi forces in the Kirkuk region.

In a 2018 interview with his brother, Shorof, and Najmadin's widow, Nishtiman, they spoke about their memories with Najmadin. Nishtiman said that him that he had "loved swimming, games of all types and physical exercise." When asked of his other interests, she replied with a smile "He was totally focussed on defeating Saddam, of defending his brothers and sisters, and how he could gain independence and freedom for his country."

Death
Shorof, during the 2018 interview, explained how Najmadin had died in an ambush following a skirmish with Iraqi soldiers near Laylan, Kirkuk Governorate. As he was returning from the skirmish, "A hired-jash...invited my brother into his house." Unsuspecting, and believing the friendship offered by his fellow countryman was sincere, he entered the house and was shot with a machine gun.