Nankai 9000 series

The Nankai 9000 series (南海9000系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Nankai Electric Railway in Japan since 1985.

Operations
The 9000 series is used on Nankai Line commuter services singly or coupled with 12000 series EMUs on Southern Premium limited express services to provide non-reserved accommodation.

Formations
, the fleet consists of five four-car sets (9501 to 9509) and two six-car sets (9511 and 9513), formed as follows.

4-car sets

 * The "M1" car is fitted with two scissors-type pantographs.
 * The "M2" car is designated as a "mildly air-conditioned" car.

6-car sets

 * The "M1" cars are fitted with two scissors-type pantographs.
 * The middle "M2" car is designated as a "mildly air-conditioned" car.

History
The first sets entered service in 1985.

Refurbishment
As part of the "Nankai My Train" (NANKAI マイトレイン) campaign initiated in 2017, 9000 series set 9501 was refurbished in 2019. The set received a wood-themed interior, variable-voltage/variable-frequency traction motor control, and a limited-time orange livery. The interior was designed based on a customer survey conducted in February 2018.