National Board of Review

The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures is a non-profit organization of New York City area film enthusiasts. Its awards, which are announced in early December, are considered an early harbinger of the film awards season that culminates in the Academy Awards.

Origins
The organization, which is now a private organization of film enthusiasts, has its roots in 1909 when Charles Sprague Smith and others formed the New York Board of Motion Picture Censorship to make recommendations to the Mayor's office concerning controversial films. It quickly became known as the National Board of Motion Picture Censorship. In an effort to avoid government censorship of films, the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. The Board's stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new "art of the people", which was transforming America's cultural life. In March 1916 the Board changed its name to the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures to avoid the controversial word "censorship".

Producers submitted their films to the board before making release prints; they agreed to cut any footage that the board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film. Thousands of films carried the legend "Passed by the National Board of Review" in their main titles from 1916 into the 1950s, when the board began to lose financial support, partly due to the NBR being overshadowed by the MPAA regarding film censorship.

In 1930, the NBR was the first group to choose the 10 best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films, and is still the first critical body to announce its annual awards. In 1936 executive secretary Wilton A. Barrett explained the Board's workings:"The National Board is opposed to legal censorship regarding all forms of the motion picture...It believes that far more constructive ...is the method of selecting the better pictures, publishing descriptive, classified lists of them and building up audiences and support for them through the work of community groups..."

Publications
The NBR has also gained international acclaim for its publications, which collectively constitute the oldest film review and commentary publication in the US. Many back issues can now be viewed at the Media History Digital Library.
 * Film Program (1917–1926)
 * Exceptional Photoplays (1920–1925)
 * Photoplay Guide to Better Movies (1924–1926)
 * National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)
 * New Movies (1942–1949)
 * Films in Review (print: 1950–1997; online: 1997–present)

Award categories

 * Best Film + Top 10 Films
 * Best Director
 * Best Actor
 * Best Actress
 * Best Supporting Actor
 * Best Supporting Actress
 * Best Acting by an Ensemble
 * Breakthrough Performance
 * Best Adapted Screenplay
 * Best Original Screenplay
 * Best Animated Film
 * Best Documentary Film
 * Best International Film
 * Spotlight Award
 * Best Family Film
 * Top 5 Documentaries
 * Best Directorial Debut
 * Top 10 Independent Films
 * NBR Freedom of Expression
 * Special Filmmaking Achievement
 * Top 5 International Films
 * Special Achievement in Producing
 * William K. Everson Film History Award
 * Career Achievements in Production: Cinematography, Music, FX
 * Best Acting (1937–1944, retired)