Neoplecostomus

Neoplecostomus is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. Neoplecostomus can be distinguished from all other loricariids by a modified shield of small plates on the abdomen with posteriorly directed odontodes; the shield appears to act as a holdfast. The color pattern is generally mottled brown with the abdomen white. The head is long, rounded, and shovel-shaped. The fin spines are weak. They range from about 8 to(-) SL. The species of Neoplecostomus live in fast-flowing water.

Species
There are currently 18 recognized species in this genus:
 * Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012
 * Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012
 * Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
 * Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, Zawadzki & C. de Oliveira, 2014
 * Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990
 * Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990
 * Neoplecostomus granosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
 * Neoplecostomus jaguari B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2014
 * Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012
 * Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1877)
 * Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani, 1990
 * Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim, Lazzarotto & Langeani, 2017
 * Neoplecostomus pirangaensis Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019
 * Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani, 1990
 * Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
 * Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril, 1995
 * Neoplecostomus watersi Silva, Reia, Zawadzki & Roxo, 2019
 * Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008