Nicolás Ern

Nicolás Ern (Николай Францевич Эрн, 18 December 1879, Tiflis, Russian Empire – 19 July 1972, Asunción, Paraguay) was a Russian and Paraguayan soldier with the rank of general.

Biography
Nicolás Ern was born Nikolai Frantsevich Ern in Tiflis (today Tbilisi, Georgia) to Franz Karlovich Ern, of Swedish-German origin, and Olga Pavlovna Rayskaya, who was half-Polish, half-Russian. He was the brother of the philosopher Vladimir Ern.

In 1906 he graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy. At the start of World War I he became a staff officer in the 4th Corps of the Caucasus Army. In 1915 he had the rank of colonel and was chief of staff of the 1st Caucasus Cossack Division, and then chief of staff of the 1st Caucasian Cavalry Corps in the Persian campaign. In 1916 he commanded the 18th Dragoon Seversky Regiment, and in 1917 attained the rank of major general.

In the Russian Civil War, he fought on the side of the White Russian forces in the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of South Russia. After the White Russians evacuated Crimea, he spent a few years teaching military history in Bela Crkva, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Paraguayan career
In 1924, Ern emigrated to Paraguay. He taught at the military academy, and later took part in the Chaco War against Bolivia. He held the rank of lieutenant general in the Paraguayan army.

In the Chaco War he helped organize the defense of Nanawa alongside fellow Russian émigré general Juan Belaieff. He is also credited with helping to decipher Bolivian military codes.

Later life and legacy
During the Korean War he helped recruit Russian emigrants for the US Army.

Some of his papers from the Persian campaign are in the collection of Columbia University archives.