North Sydney, New South Wales

North Sydney is a suburb and major commercial district on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located three kilometres north of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of North Sydney Council.

History
The Indigenous people on the southern side of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) called the north side warung which meant the other side, while those on the northern side used the same name to describe the southern side.

The first name used by European settlers was Hunterhill, named after a property owned by Thomas Muir of Huntershill (1765–1799), a Scottish political reformer. He purchased land in 1794 near the location where the north pylon of the Sydney Harbour Bridge is now located, and built a house which he named after his childhood home. This area north of Gore Hill became known as St Leonards. The township of St Leonards was laid out in 1836 in what is now North Sydney, bounded by what is now Miller, Walker, Lavender and Berry Streets. By 1846 there were 106 houses here and by 1859, the commercial centre had extended from Milsons Point to Miller Street. A bus service operated by Jeremiah Wall ran between Milsons Point and North Sydney Shops, and North Sydney thus developed its own identity.

The North Sydney municipality was incorporated in 1890 and after naming disputes, North Sydney was settled upon. The post office which opened in 1854 as St Leonards was changed to North Sydney in 1890. The first public school which opened in 1874 as St Leonards was renamed North Sydney in 1910.

North Sydney underwent a dramatic transformation into a commercial hub in 1971–72. In this period no less than 27 skyscrapers were built.

Trams
The history of the North Sydney tramway system can be divided into three periods – the first from the original opening in 1886 to 1909, when the McMahons Point line opened. The second period covers the time until the Wynyard line was opened across the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932, and the third until construction of the Cahill Expressway on the eastern side of Sydney Harbour Bridge and the wider closure of the system in 1962.

The first part of the North Sydney tramway system was a double-track cable tramway which commenced at the original Milsons Point ferry wharf, located where the north pylon of the Harbour Bridge is now. The line originally extended via Alfred Street (now Alfred Street South), Junction Street (now Pacific Highway), Blue Street and Miller Street to the Ridge Street Tram Depot. It used cable grip cars called "dummies" and un-powered trailer cars.

A feature of these lines was the underground tram terminus at Wynyard railway station (the only one in Australia), and the tracks over the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Trams ran from Blue Street over a now-demolished steel arch bridge over the Harbour Bridge Roadway, then over the eastern side of the harbour bridge (now road lanes), through a tram platform at Milsons Point railway station, before descending underground into platforms 1 and 2 of Wynyard station.

Heritage listings
North Sydney has a number of heritage-listed sites, including those listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register:
 * 36 Blue Street: Former North Sydney Technical High School (now Greenwood Hotel)
 * 20 Edward Street: Graythwaite
 * Falcon Street: North Sydney Sewer Vent
 * 283a Miller Street: St Leonards Park
 * 6 Napier Street: Don Bank
 * 92-94 Pacific Highway: North Sydney Post Office
 * 44 Union Street: Kailoa

The following buildings are heritage-listed on other heritage registers:
 * Chinese Christian Church, Alfred Street
 * Christ Church, Walker and Lavender Streets
 * Church of England Rectory, Lavender Street
 * Houses: 11–37 Walker Street and 20–30 Walker Street
 * Mercedes, 9 Walker Street
 * St Francis Xavier's War Memorial Church, Mackenzie Street
 * St Francis Xavier's Presbytery, Mackenzie Street
 * St Francis Xavier's Church School Hall, Mackenzie Street
 * St Peter's Presbyterian Church and Manse, Blues Point Road
 * St Thomas's Church of England, West and Church Streets
 * St Thomas's Kindergarten Hall, Church and McLaren Streets
 * St Thomas's Church Rectory, McLaren Street
 * Woodstock, Pacific Highway

Commercial area
The commercial district of North Sydney includes the second largest concentration of office buildings in New South Wales, with a large representation from the advertising and information technology industries. Advertising, marketing businesses and associated trades such as printing have traditionally dominated the business life of the area though these have been supplanted to a certain extent by information technology businesses. Corporations whose offices are in North Sydney include: AAMI, Acciona, AGL, CIMIC, Cisco Systems, Coca-Cola Europacific Partners, Gen Digital, Hyundai, Nando's, National Australia Bank, NBN Co, Nine Entertainment, Novell, Sophos, Sun Microsystems, UGL, Vocus Communications, Vodafone and Zurich Insurance.

Unlike other major suburban hubs within the Sydney metropolitan area, North Sydney has limited shopping facilities and almost no Sunday trading. There are four supermarkets (Aldi, IGA, Coles and Woolworths Metro). The main shopping complex is the Greenwood Plaza, which is connected to North Sydney station. Berry Square is another shopping centre in Berry Street, formerly known as North Sydney Shopping World.

Population
According to the, there were 8,964 residents in the suburb of North Sydney. 46.9% of residents were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were China 5.8%, England 5.4%, India 4.6%, New Zealand 2.4% and Hong Kong 1.8%. 61.6% of residents spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 6.4%, Cantonese 3.2%, Spanish 2.0%, Hindi 1.7% and Korean 1.5%. The most common responses for religion in North Sydney were No Religion 43.9% and Catholic 19.9%.

Transport
North Sydney is directly linked to the Sydney CBD by road and rail across the Sydney Harbour Bridge. North Sydney railway station is on the North Shore railway line of the Sydney Trains network. Bus services by Busways, CDC NSW, Keolis Downer Northern Beaches, Transdev John Holland and Transit Systems operate through North Sydney, connecting train and bus services towards North Sydney's neighbouring suburbs as well as connecting train services to Richmond via City from the T1 North Shore & Northern Lines. The Warringah Freeway links North Sydney south to the Sydney CBD and north to Chatswood. High Street, North Sydney wharf is a wharf served by Neutral Bay ferry services, which is part of the Sydney Ferries network. It is possible to walk from parts of North Sydney to the city centre in less than 30 minutes, by way of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Victoria Cross railway station, located two blocks north of the existing North Sydney railway station, is planned to open in 2024 as part of the Sydney Metro City & Southwest project.

Places of worship
Churches include St Mary's Catholic Church on Miller Street, St Francis Xavier's War Memorial Church in Mackenzie Street, St Thomas Anglican Church on West and Church Streets, Christ Church on Walker and Lavender Streets, St Peter's Presbyterian Church and Manse on Blues Point Road and Chinese Christian Church on Alfred Street.

Hare Krishna Temple is located on the corner of Falcon Street and Miller Street.

Schools
Primary schools include North Sydney Demonstration School, Mosman Preparatory School and St Marys Primary School.

High schools include the public North Sydney Boys High School and North Sydney Girls High School, the Catholic Marist Catholic College North Shore, and independent schools Wenona School, Monte Sant' Angelo Mercy College and Sydney Church of England Grammar School (Shore).

St Aloysius' College of Milsons Point and Loreto Kirribilli are also within the confines of the North Sydney local government area. Post-secondary education providers include the Australian Catholic University, APM College of Business and Communication, Raffles College of Design and Commerce, Walker and Miller Training and Billy Blue College of Design.

Landmarks

 * MLC Building
 * North Sydney Post Office
 * North Sydney Oval
 * Stanton Library
 * Brett Whiteley Square
 * Museum at Mary MacKillop Place, which tells the story of Australia's first Catholic saint
 * Don Bank Museum, devoted to the history of the local area
 * Greenwood Plaza shopping complex (built under the former public school, founded in 1878 and renamed after its Principal)
 * North Sydney railway station
 * Victoria Cross railway station
 * Independent Theatre
 * Walker Street Cinema (closed)

Sport and recreation
St Leonards Park which includes North Sydney Oval is the suburb's major recreation area, popular among joggers and those wishing to walk their dogs. North Sydney Ovals are notably cricket pitches during the summer and the home ground for the Northern Suburbs Rugby Union Club and the North Sydney Bears Rugby League Club during the winter.

The Norths Pirates Junior Rugby Union Club is North Sydney's local junior village rugby union team who play all home games at Tunks Park in the adjoining suburb of Cammeray together with North Sydney Brothers, a junior rugby league club and the rugby league teams of Marist College North Shore.


 * North Sydney Bears (rugby league team based in the area)
 * North Sydney Cricket Club
 * North Sydney Chess Club
 * Norths Pirates Junior Rugby Union
 * Northern Suburbs Rugby Club
 * UTS Northern Suburbs Athletic Club
 * Gordon-North Sydney Hockey Club
 * North Sydney Symphony Orchestra

During the 2000 Summer Olympics, the city was the starting point of the marathon course that would end 26.2 mi later at the Olympic Stadium in Homebush.

Notable people

 * Billy Blue, a convict after whom several places were named, such as Blues Point
 * Arthur Bollard, Rugby league player
 * Theodora Cowan, Australia's first locally-born woman sculptor, was living at 84 Berry Street when she died
 * Paul Cuneo, Rugby league player
 * Sid Deane, Rugby league player
 * Antonella Gambotto-Burke, an author, born at the Mater Hospital, North Sydney
 * Joe Hockey, politician, former Treasurer of Australia was Member of Parliament for North Sydney from 1996 until 2015.
 * Henry Lawson, a poet and short-story author
 * David McKay, journalist and racing driver
 * Kel Nagle, a golfer who won the 1960 Open Championship
 * Peter Taylor Test cricketer

Governance
The local government area of North Sydney Council includes the suburb of North Sydney and the surrounding suburbs of Crows Nest, Waverton, Neutral Bay, McMahons Point, Kirribilli, Cremorne (divided between North Sydney & Mosman) and Cammeray.

This suburb is also included in the House of Representatives division of North Sydney. Their local Member of Parliament has been Kylea Tink since 2022.

This suburb is included in the electoral division of North Shore at the state level. This electorate has voted consistently Liberal at the state and federal levels with their current state member being Felicity Wilson of the Liberal Party.