PKP class EN71

The EN71 (manufacturer's designation: Pafawag 5Bg/6Bg) is a four-carriage Polish EMU constructed for the Polish National Railways (PKP). It is based on the three-carriage EN57, but differs in that it has an additional motor carriage.

History
Originally developed for the Yugoslav market, the EN71 in Poland was designed to replace the EN57, which was struggling to cope with the steep inclines of the Kraków - Zakopane route. Twenty EN71s were built at the PaFaWag works in 1976 and a further 30, or so, were converted from individual EN57 units in 1981–84. The original twenty EN71s had bodywork made from corrugated metal; units with numbers above 20 are converted from EN57s and can, therefore, have bodywork made from either flat or corrugated metal panels.

Construction
The EN71 is made up of four carriages: two with cabs; two with motors. The former (factory designation 5B) are marked as ra &mdash; where r stands for rozrządczy (the Polish term for control car) and a signifies that this is the front end of the train &mdash; and rb. The motor carriages (factory designation 6B) are classified as s, which is short for silnikowy, Polish for approximately engine-equipped. The sets can be connected together using Scharfenberg couplers, which prevent access between sets.

Each carriage is equipped with two sets of automatic, pneumatic powered doors and is split into three sections with seating &mdash; a central aisle running between the seats. The front and rearmost passenger sections of the control car are arranged differently from the rest: they contain foldable seats built into the wall of the carriage, as well as an extra set of doors that can be opened manually. According to need, these sections can also serve as compartments for staff or for transporting bicycles, pushchairs, and oversize luggage. The driver's cab is accessible via a separate, manually operated door at the front of the carriage. In contrast to the EN57 series, all EN71s (with exception to EN71-100) are equipped with racks for skis located next to the passenger compartment doors.

Service history
The EN71 series are operated by Przewozy Regionalne (Regional Transport) and Szybka Kolej Miejska (Fast Urban Railway) in the Tricity, EN71-046 was used for 3 weeks by Szybka Kolej Miejska in Warsaw. As has been mentioned in the History section, the new EN71s were set to work on the Kraków-Zakopane route, which had been electrified in 1975. In the years that followed, the series saw use on the routes to Krynica and Szklarska Poręba. At the beginning of the 1990s, several EN71s were modernised and became more comfortable (1st class carriages were also built). These new EN71s were assigned to a new service called RegioPlus before becoming superseded by the ED72 series.

Service in other countries
Total of 37 four-carriage units were exported to Yugoslavia along with the three-carriage EN57 in the 1960s and 1970s. A few have recently returned to Poland, purchased by Koleje Mazowieckie (Masovia Railways) and various other companies.