Packwood, Washington

Packwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in easternmost Lewis County, Washington, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 319, while the town and surrounding Packwood community (east of Cora Bridge) had a total population of 1,073.

Etymology
Packwood was originally established as Sulphur Springs. Shortly thereafter, it was renamed to Lewis, in honor of Meriwether Lewis, but was finally renamed to Packwood, in honor of William Packwood due to the US Postal Service confusing the town with Fort Lewis.

History
The name "Packwood", used for the town, a mountain pass, and a lake, honors William Packwood, a Virginian pioneer and explorer of Oregon and Washington. Packwood and James Longmire were tasked by the Washington Territorial Legislature to chart a low pass over the Cascade Range, this necessitated by the deaths of several delegates in their journey to the first legislative session. As a mark of their successes in this venture, the charted pass - called the Packwood Saddle - is still unused by any road, trail, or other conveyance to pass between the east and west sides of the Cascades. Packwood is home to the historic Packwood Ranger Station located off of US-12.

Packwood suffered severe flooding during an excessive rain and snowmelt event in December 1977. Eight homes were washed away and evacuations were necessary. Several bridges were closed after either washouts or structural damages, cutting of Packwood. The Johnson Creek Bridge, located on the main arterial of White Pass Scenic Byway, collapsed. The community was inundated again during a November 2006 flood necessitating evacuations of hundreds of people from the High Valley area after a dike broke. Washed out homes were carried away by the Cowlitz River, which was recorded as exceeding 10 ft; the powerful flood changed the course of the river.

Geography
Packwood is located at 46.60389°N, -121.67778°W (46.6040008, -121.6778664), at the intersection of US Highway 12 and Gifford Pinchot National Forest Road 52 (Skate Creek Road). It is located between Mount Rainier National Park to the north and Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument to the south. The Tatoosh Wilderness, Goat Rocks Wilderness, and William O. Douglas Wilderness are to the north, southeast, and northeast respectively, with the Gifford Pinchot National Forest as a buffer in all directions. Packwood is located in the upper Cowlitz River valley, just downstream of the confluence of the Muddy and Clear forks of the Cowlitz. The White Pass Ski Area and crest of the Cascade Range demark the eastern edge of the Packwood area, the town of Randle the west, and large expanses of forest, wilderness, and parkland the north and south.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Packwood CDP has an area of 2.6 sqkm, all of it recorded as land. The larger Packwood area, including the residential communities of Goat Rocks, High Valley Park, Packwood Heights, Skate Creek Terrace, Skyline, and Timberline Village, has 1,073 full-time residents.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Packwood has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

Historic buildings and sites
Packwood is home to the La Wis Wis Guard Station No. 1165, a rustic cabin built by the Civilian Conservation Corps and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Parks and recreation
Packwood is home to the Skate Creek Park Natural Area. Officially listed as the Washington State Parks Packwood Property, the land is owned by the state though considered surplus. The park is approximately 180 acre in size. Attempts to transfer the parcel to the Lewis County parks department was considered but did not materialize; the county officially passed on the transfer in 2022.

The Cowlitz River Public Access Park opened in 2022, The park lacks a boat ramp but a nature trail allows users to access to the Cowlitz River. The Packwood Ballpark, under the oversight of the Lewis County Public Utility District, hosts a baseball field and open areas.

Economy
The town of Packwood has historically relied on the forest products industry as an economic engine, supplemented by government employment (via the National Forest and Park Services) and seasonal tourism.

In 1998, 220 jobs were lost when the Packwood Lumber Mill closed because of the depressed Pacific Northwest lumber industry. The Packwood Ranger Station closed in 2003 after budget cuts in the US Forest Service and operations for the Cowlitz Valley Ranger District were centralized in nearby Randle. By 2010, the full-time population of Packwood had halved and many residences had become second homes or vacation rentals.

Packwood has become an increasingly popular vacation destination. Proximity to White Pass Ski Area, expanded in 2010 by 767 acres, brings in visitors over the winter and access to Mount Rainier National Park and Gifford Pinchot National Forest brings visitors over the summer. Packwood hosts the Packwood Flea Market, established in the 1970s and now one of largest flea markets in the western United States, every Memorial Day weekend and Labor Day weekend. Local organizations and Lewis County have sought to promote the tourism opportunities of the town, improve tourist and vacation infrastructure, and plan for the long-term economy of the town. Home prices in Packwood increased 300% between 2012 and 2022, posing a challenge for the seasonal employees outdoor recreation relies on.

Politics
Packwood and the surrounding Big Bottom voting district are recognized as being majority Republican and conservative, though less so in comparison to other rural areas within Lewis County.

The 2020 election included votes for candidates of the Libertarian Party in both districts.

Education
The first school in Packwood was built in 1915. when the community was known as Lewis. Then part of what was considered the largest school district in the United States, its first class included 11 students. The original schoolhouse was replaced in 1938 with a brick structure that housed an auditorium and in 1953, the Packwood boys' basketball team won the state championship.

Packwood is located in the White Pass School District, which, in addition to Packwood, covers the small towns of Randle and Glenoma and the vast forested expanse in extreme eastern Lewis County, terminating at the crest of the Cascades and the border with Yakima County. In 2004, the town's school-age population dropped to the point that the local K–6 elementary school was shuttered, although in 2007 the building was converted to the White Pass Country Historical Museum and now houses a local museum and hosts community events.

Infrastructure
Packwood is accessible year-round by private vehicle on US 12, and seasonally by SR 123 and several forest service roads. The general aviation Packwood Airport is located three blocks west of highway 12 in downtown Packwood, and L.E.W.I.S. Mountain Highway Transit provided multiple weekday public transportation to Centralia-Chehalis, including connections to Amtrak and Greyhound until it stopped operation in 2021. Lewis County Transit DART still has some operation thru Packwood.

The community is among 8 locations that are part of an EV installation project on the White Pass Scenic Byway. The program will stretch from the White Pass Ski Area to Chehalis and is run in partnership with Lewis County PUD, Twin Transit, state government agencies, and local community efforts. The venture began in 2023 from two grants totaling over $1.8 million.