Palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness

Palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness, also known as Palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by either focal or diffuse early-onset palmoplantar keratoderma and sensorineural deafness. Transmission is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance.

Signs and symptoms
Individuals with this condition usually have palmoplantar keratoderma of the thenars, hypothenars, and the foot arch. These symptoms usually start in early-late infancy which is accompanied by deafness of variable onset.

Treatment
Usually, the basic forms of treatment of both deafness and palmoplantar keratoderma are combined, that is, used at the same time, to treat PKD, these include:


 * Deafness: Surgery, hearing aids, cochlear implant
 * Palmoplantar keratoderma: Oilments, emolients, keratolytic agents, topical retinoids

Causes
This condition is caused by autosomal dominant missense mutations of the GJB2 gene, located in the long arm of chromosome 13.

Epidemiology
According to OMIM, 4 families worldwide have been described with the disorder,  although other sources say there are 10 families. An exact number of cases cannot be said for certain, since most case reports don't specify them.