Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction, formerly known as Mughalsarai Junction, (station code: DDU, old code MGS) is a railway station in the town of Mughalsarai in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The station contains the largest railway marshaling yard in Asia. This yard caters to around 450–500 trains in a month. All trains, including premium category Vande Bharat, Rajdhani and Duronto trains, halt at this station, which makes it unique in the entire Indian Railways network. "Major installations in Mughalsarai include electric locomotive shed holding 147 locomotives, diesel locomotive shed holding 53 locomotives, wagon ROH shed, and a 169-bed divisional hospital."

History
The station was built by the East Indian Railway Company in 1862 as part of a plan to build a railway line connecting Delhi and Howrah. Mughalsarai Junction was the second biggest railway station after Gaddar, near Karachi (in Pakistan now). Famously known as the gateway to east India, this junction was set up as part of a project to connect Delhi–Calcutta route by British railway company known as the East Indian Railways.

The station is located on the Grand Trunk Road route. It was one of the busiest corridors during Mughal era which connected east India with the north. In 1862, the railway tracks crossed Mughalsarai and reached the western bank of the Yamuna. The through link to Delhi was established in 1866. The Grand Chord was commissioned in 1906.

The Dufferin Bridge across the Ganges was opened in 1887, connecting Mughalsarai to Varanasi.

The name of the station
On the evening of 10 February 1968, barely two months after he was elected president of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya boarded the Sealdah Express from Lucknow to Patna. A few hours later, his body was found near a pole a few hundred feet from the end of a platform at Mughalsarai station. What followed was a long and involved investigation into what the Sangh insisted was a politically motivated murder. A CBI probe called it an accident; two men confessed to pushing him out of the train in a robbery attempt but were acquitted for lack of evidence; there was no sign of struggle or injury on Upadhyay's person. And conspiracy theories about internal power battles in the Sangh still abound. In 1992, then government of the state of Uttar Pradesh attempted to rename Mughalsarai after Deen Dayal Upadhyaya However, the plan was shelved when Kalyan Singh, the chief minister was forced to resign after an outbreak of violence in the state following the Babri Masjid demolition. In 2017, Government of India approved a fresh proposal forwarded by the Yogi Adityanath-led state government to rename the station. The station was officially renamed as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction on 4 June 2018.

Electrification
The Gaya–Mughalsarai Junction section was electrified in 1961–63. Mughalsarai yard was electrified in 1963–65.

Marshalling yard
Mughalsarai marshalling yard is the largest in Asia. It is 12.5 km long and handles around 1,500 wagons daily. Wagon handling has come down after the railways discontinued piecemeal loading. At its peak, it handled 5,000 wagons a day. Of all divisions on Indian Railways, Mughalsarai Division deals the most intense train operations – both Goods and Coaching. It is the bridge between Eastern part and Northern part of India. It closes the distance between pit head coal and power house, finished steel product to user, food grain and fertiliser to eastern part of the country and other raw material to industries. The operational efficiency of the division plays a pivotal role in determining the efficiency of the East Central Railway and any setback or inefficiency in operations on this division is a sensitive matter which affects the overall operations of the Railways. Because of its crucial importance, the Railway Board keeps a special watch on Mughalsarai division's operations.

Sheds and workshops
Mughal Sarai diesel loco shed is home to WDM-2, WDM-3A and WDS-5 diesel locos. The diesel shed also holds 50 electric locos, all of them WAG-7. There was a Northern Railway diesel loco shed at Mughalsarai. It was decommissioned in 2001. Mughalsarai electric loco shed can hold more than 150 electric locos. Amongst them are WAP-4 and more than 70 WAG-7 locos. The electric shed has recently started holding WAG-9 locomotives.

The largest wagon repair workshop of Indian Railways is located at Mughalsarai.

Passenger movement
Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railways.

Amenities
Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station has 2 AC rooms, 4 non-AC retiring rooms, and a ten-bedded non-AC dormitory. It has a food plaza and a ‘Jan Aahar’ (affordable food) facility. The station has ATMs of nationalised banks.