Pasquale Verrusio

Pasquale Verrusio (24 November 1935 – died Torino di Sangro, Italian Republic, 12 February 2012) was an Italian painter, sculptor and engraver.

Biography
Pasquale Verrusio was born in the Garbatella district in Rome from a small bourgeois family of employees. After abandoning his studies at the Technical Institute for Surveyors, he devoted himself to painting as a self-taught artist.

In 1957, he studied figure and nude drawing at the French Academy at Villa Medici. In the same year, he met and became a student of Renato Guttuso. In 1959, his work is noted at the VIII Quadrennial Exhibition in Rome, where his works were selected by the jury and praised by the national press. In 1960 he founded the group "Libertà-Realtà" (Freedom-Reality) with the painters Confetti, Ganna, Guccione, Gino Guida, Quattrucci, Reggiani and Turchiaro. They proposed a new figuration which opposed the notion of abstract art as 'the only valid expression of modern artistic creation. Their only exhibition was in 1961 at the Galleria Stagni in Rome. It was a great national success, and it attracted the attention of the critic Lionello Venturi. In the same year, he was invited by the Florentine group Corrente 2 to hold his first solo exhibition. He received several awards including the "Premio Gennazzano", "Premio Città di Marsala", "Golfo di La Spezia", and "XI Premio Biennale Italia-Austria" from the Republic of San Marino.

In 1962, he exhibited at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto, and, in the following year, having won a scholarship from the French government, he moved to Paris. Here he attended the studio of the engraver Hayter and displayed his work at the Salon de la Jeune Peinture. That same year, he had his first solo exhibition at the Galleria Don Chisciotte in Rome, presented by Dario Micacchi. On his return from Paris, he helped to introduce artists such as Arrojo, Aillaud, Tisserand and Biras in Italy. In 1963, he also participated in the completion of the copies of the Acacus rock paintings commissioned by the Pigorini Museum in Rome.

In 1967, with Attardi, Caruso, Gianquinto, Guccione, Manzo, Laura Mazza and Alberto Mondadori, he founded the Galleria Il Gabbiano in Rome. In 1971, he joined the group of the Galleria Il Fante di Spade, directed by Netta Vespignani, who was representative of the Nuova Scuola Romana.

In 1973, after moving to Milan at the invitation of the art dealer Mario Roncaglia, he had a period of intense critical debate and artistic exchange with Gianfranco Ferroni and Perez.

Between 1965 and 1978, Verrusio exhibited frequently, both in solo and group shows. Of note are the collective exhibition at the Galleria La Nuova Pesa in Rome, and the solo exhibition of graphic arts at the Libreria Internazionale Terzo Mondo; the 16éme and 18ème Salon de la Jeune Peinture Paris in 1965 and 1967 respectively. Also, the exhibitions at The Macquarie Galleries in Sydney and the Roman Gallery in Chicago in 1966, the solo exhibition at the Galleria Il Gabbiano in Rome in 1968 and the Galleria la Mutina in Modena in 1969 and 1972, the XXVIII Biennale Nazionale d'Arte Città di Milano in 1973–1974, the Days of Italian Culture in the U.R.S.S. in Moscow and Leningrad, and at the Galleria Margutta in Pescara in 1978. In 1983 and 1986, he had his solo exhibitions in Cairo and Stockholm respectively – both sponsored by the Italian Cultural Institute.

From 1985 to 1993, he was professor of Visual Representation Technique at the European Institute of Design in Rome. He exhibited at the Galleria La Vetrata in Rome in 1989 and 1990. In 1991 he won the 'Premio Sulmona' and in 1992 he moved to Abruzzo, where, in 1994 he founded the 'European Art Centre 'Le Morge'' with the painter Éteras, whom he married in 2009.

In 1996, he displayed his works at the exhibition "La Pittura Colta in Italia" in Rodengo Saiano, curated by Floriano De Santi. In 2000, he was invited with Èteras to exhibit at the University of Grand Junction in Colorado, where for three months they both taught Italian fresco. In 2003, his work was commissioned for the exhibition "Una Storia Verosimile – 25 Anni di Collaborazione tra Artisti Italiani e Sandro Gindro", organised in Rome at the Teatro Vascello. Between 2005 and 2009, he founded alongside Éteras, his artist's studio and school in Stuttgart. In 2008, he exhibited in Reggio Emilia at the "La Collezione Zavattini – Unicità e Fantasia del Piccolo Formato". He died in Torino di Sangro in February 2012 after a long illness.

Style and technique
Verrusio's stylistic research follows a well-defined path: from a production focused on the lesson from Guttuso since 1957, to his own 'poetic light' where the details of reality are sublimated into a clearly articulated conceptual framework since the mid-60s.

The Parisian experience led him to analyze the 'human condition' under a psychological profile. He had already started on this theme some years before, and it would accompany him throughout his artistic production. In the first half of the '60s he also experiments with different painting techniques, including materic textured painting that recall Rembrandt and Francis Bacon – as in L'Uscita dal Metrò e Composizione of 1963. In the same year, he undertook his fundamental research for a new figuration where the image is created from light; a modus operandi that characterized his entire career and of which he was a pioneer through an attentive and careful study of works by Piero della Francesca and Caravaggio. From the mid-1960s, his attention focused on the representation of mechanical objects and the waste of the consumer society; such as tubular and fences, immersed in a monotone light where the line between dignity and degradation is blurred and a sense of loneliness and anxiety pervades all. This sense of claustrophobia of the everyday is also found in the production of the first years of the 1970s. In the series of the Bocciatori and  Interni, the use of cold light has a fundamental role in creating an uneasiness in the everyday situations and gestures represented, as well as in the play between solid and void. References to Vermeer's paintings have been made in relation to Verrusio's interpretation of rural life and still lifes. Here the light undergoes a tonal change to warmer colours, and normality becomes a solemn moment. Representative of these themes are the 'Still Lives with Figs and Lemons' and the portrait of Natuccio and Giovannina of 1975. The most abstract form of this poetic and pictorial approach is found in the series of the Sassi, which began almost a decade earlier during a visit to the Island of Elba. In this regard, Renzo Vespignani wrote:

''The lens is even smaller, and the search for an 'everything in focus' both cruel and unmoved together, burns every remaining twilight; the lens is focused and restricted as much as the conscience of the painter expands, and the object fills the canvas with no evidence of any effort. The world could be said to be reduced to a still life, but a still life – this still life – is elevated to the rank of absolute and pivotal phenomenon. It is a fatal mechanism that Verrusio realizes aggregating, overlapping, locking, around the same subject, the results of a more widespread observation: the pebble, smoothed by the wind from the sea, is found in every position possible, under every possible light, and is reborn countless times, totally possessed, in a succession of surfaces, curves, volumes, always the same and always different''.

In the 1980s, the focus shifted on the relation between the pebbles and the movement and the transparency of the water, as well as with the introduction of figures in the marine landscape. In the 1990s, a new interpretation of the coloristic and use of light by Caravaggio leads to a thematic renewal: in the Foro Romano cycle, the light becomes twilight and cites the tradition of the Scuola Romana. The representation of Vestal and monuments has metaphysical and allegorical connotations. In the early 2000s, the predominant theme is the marine and American landscape. Verrusio's latest production maintains the use of twilight, and thematically focuses on self, where he continues his careful conceptual analysis of the 'symbiosis of objective and subjective' through the exploration of the self and his illness.

Exhibitions
Solo Exhibitions Collective Exhibitions
 * Florence, Galleria Corrente 2, 1961
 * Rome, Don Chisciotte, 1963
 * Rome, Terzo Mondo, 1964
 * Rome, La Nuova Pesa, 1965, 1966
 * Milan, L'Agrifoglio, 1966
 * Rome, Il Gabbiano, 1968
 * Modena, La Mutina, 1969, 1972
 * Rome, Il Fante di Spade, 1972, 1974
 * Viareggio, Premio Fondazione Viani – Premio Saporetti (prize winner), 1980
 * Cairo, Istituto Italiano di Cultura, 1983
 * Stockholm, Galleria Hedström-Ogebjer, 1986
 * New York, Schmidt-Bingham Gallery, 1986
 * Rome, La Vetrata, 1989, 1990
 * Rome, Quadriennale di Roma, 1959–60
 * Rome, Prima Mostra del Gruppo "Libertà – Realtà", Galleria Stagni, 1961
 * Republic of San Marino, Premio Italia-Austria-Repubblica di San Marino (prize winner), 1961
 * Spoleto, Tendenze della Pittura Contemporanea' al Festival dei Due Mondi di Spoleto, 1962
 * Milan, I Premio Nazionale di Pittura Paderno Dugnano (prize winner), 1964
 * Paris, 16ème Salon de la Jeune Peinture, 1965
 * Sydney, Modern and Contemporary Painters, The Macquarie Galleries, 1966
 * Chicago, Modern Italian Painters, Roman Gallery, 1966
 * Paris, 18ème Salon de la Jeune Peinture, 1967
 * Arezzo, Per Copia Conforme, 1971
 * Milan, XXVII Biennale Nazionale d'Arte Città di Milano, Palazzo della Permanente, 1971–1972
 * Florence, Biennale Internazionale D’Arte – XXI Premio del Fiorino, 1973
 * Milan, XXVIII Biennale Nazionale d'Arte Città di Milano, Palazzo della Permanente, 1973–1974
 * Moscow and Leningrad, Giornate della Cultura Italiana nell’ U.R.S.S., 1974
 * Rome, Una Storia Verosimile – 25 Anni di Collaborazione tra Artisti Italiani e Sandro Gindro, Teatro il Vascello, 2003
 * Reggio Emilia, La Collezione Zavattini – Unicità e Fantasia del Piccolo Formato, 2008