Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

Margaret "Peggy" Carter, also known as Agent Carter, is a fictional character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise portrayed by Hayley Atwell, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Carter is depicted as a British MI6 agent and member of the Strategic Scientific Reserve who became Steve Rogers's love interest during World War II. Following the war, she become one of the founders of S.H.I.E.L.D., eventually serving as the Director. Atwell has received critical praise for her depiction of the character.

, the character has appeared in five films, as well as the short film Agent Carter (2013), the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and her own television series Agent Carter (2015–2016).

Alternate versions of the character, including Captain Carter, appear in the animated series What If...? (2021–present) and the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). What If...? Carter receives the Super Soldier Serum instead of Rogers.The Watcher later recruits she to join the Guardians of the Multiverse in the battle against an alternate version of Ultron. Multiverse of Madness Captain Carter, also a supersoldier, is a member of the Illuminati from a reality called Earth-838.

Concept and creation
Peggy Carter debuted in a single panel (at the time the character was unnamed) as a wartime love interest of Captain America in Tales of Suspense #75 (March 1966), and then being named in #77 (May 1966). She was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby.

Hayley Atwell was cast in the role of Peggy Carter for Captain America: The First Avenger in April 2010. Atwell expressed interest in reprising the role for Agent Carter in October 2013; ABC Entertainment president Paul Lee confirmed her involvement in the project in January 2014.

Regarding her preparation for the role, Atwell said, "I'm training at the moment six days a week to make her a bit more military and make it convincing that I could kick butt." On taking up the role of Carter, Atwell said "the main reason I did Captain America was because I wanted to get out of my own head and stop taking my work so seriously". Captain America: The First Avenger screenwriter Christopher Markus said the film "takes place in the 40s, there weren't too many women in areas of authority at that point, and we wanted her to essentially be the most capable person on the screen at that time".

Appearances
Hayley Atwell portrays Peggy Carter in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Agent Carter (2013), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Ant-Man (2015), Avengers: Endgame Atwell appears in images in Captain America: Civil War (2016).

Atwell also appears in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s episodes "Shadows" (2014) and "The Things We Bury" (2014), and in the television series Agent Carter (2015–2016).

Gabriella Graves portrays a young Carter in the Agent Carter episode "Smoke & Mirrors".

Atwell voices an alternate version in the What If...? season 2 episode "What If... Peter Quill Attacked Earth's Mightiest Heroes?". In an alternate 1988, she is responsible for bringing together the Avengers to face Peter Quill and Ego.

Early life
Margaret Carter was born in Hampstead, England, on April 9, 1921, to her parents Harrison and Amanda Carter. After the death of her brother Michael fighting in World War II, Carter decided to leave her then-fiancé Fred Wells and joined the British Intelligence, and assigned as a code breaker in Bletchley Park, rising quickly through the ranks, she was assigned to the Secret British Intelligence and was later reassigned as a British Liaison to the American Forces fighting the Nazis, becoming a key member of the Strategic Scientific Reserve (SSR).

Project Rebirth
In 1943, Carter is tasked by the SSR to help oversee Project Rebirth, a program to create an army of supersoldiers for the United States war effort. Carter joins Howard Stark and Dr. Abraham Erskine in overseeing the program. After a series of tests on different soldiers, the sickly Steve Rogers is chosen due to his heroic character. Erskine subjects Rogers to the super-soldier treatment, injecting him with a Super Soldier Serum and dosing him with vita-rays.

After Rogers emerges from the experiment as a super soldier, an undercover Hydra agent, Heinz Kruger, kills Erskine and flees with a vial of the serum. Rogers and Carter pursue Kruger; Carter nearly kills him but Rogers saves her from being hit by his vehicle. The assassin avoids interrogation by committing suicide with a cyanide capsule.

Helping Steve Rogers
After Rogers' best friend Bucky Barnes is captured by Hydra, Rogers has Carter and Howard Stark fly him behind enemy lines to mount a solo rescue attempt, which succeeds. After Rogers returns, Carter, who has developed feelings for him, catches him kissing another woman, prompting her to angrily fire bullets at Rogers' new shield. Using information extracted from Arnim Zola, the final Hydra stronghold is located, and Rogers leads an attack to stop Johann Schmidt from using weapons of mass destruction on America's cities. Rogers and Carter kiss and Rogers promised to go dancing with her, before Rogers climbs aboard Schmidt's aircraft as it takes off. After Schmidt is teleported away by the Tesseract, Rogers, seeing no way to land the plane without the risk of detonating its weapons, radios the tearful Carter and says goodbye to her before crashing in the Arctic. Stark later recovers the Tesseract from the ocean floor but is unable to locate Rogers or the aircraft, presuming him dead.

Post–World War II
In 1945, Carter and the SSR raid the last known Hydra base led by Werner Reinhardt. They confiscate many items including the Obelisk and a blue body.

One year later, Carter faces sexism from her boss, Agent John Flynn, who treats her condescendingly and keeps her compiling data and code breaking while assigning field cases to the male agents. The SSR's main concern is the mysterious Zodiac, which they have been unable to recover for some time. One night alone in the office while the men are out together, Carter answers the case line to hear of the location of the Zodiac. Though three to five agents are recommended, Carter decides to go to the location herself. Fighting off multiple guards, Carter is able to retrieve the Zodiac, a mysterious serum, herself. The next day, Flynn reprimands her for not going through the proper procedures to complete the mission, and dismisses the indignant Carter as just an "old flame" of Captain America's who was given her current job out of pity for her bereavement. However, before he can officially punish her, the case line rings again, this time with Howard Stark on the other end, who informs Flynn that Carter will co-head the newly created S.H.I.E.L.D.

Later in 1946, Carter has to balance the routine office work she does for the SSR in New York City with secretly assisting Howard Stark, who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States. Carter is assisted by Stark's butler, Edwin Jarvis, to find those responsible and dispose of the weapons.

In 1947, Carter moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new Atomic Age by the Council of Nine in the aftermath of World War II, gaining new friends, a new home, and starting a romance with Daniel Sousa.

Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. and later life
Sometime later, Carter marries a man whom Steve Rogers saved from a Hydra base in World War II, and has two children with him. Carter's American niece Sharon Carter later becomes a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent. Meanwhile, Peggy Carter also conducts S.H.I.E.L.D. operations in collaboration with a man named "Braddock".

By 1970, Carter serves as the Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. In 1989, Carter witnesses a confrontation between Hank Pym and Howard Stark over Stark's use of Pym Particles without Pym's knowledge, causing Pym to quit S.H.I.E.L.D.

In 2014, Carter, who is now elderly, has developed Alzheimer's disease, and is living in a retirement home in Washington D.C.. Rogers visits her, having come out of suspended animation a few years prior. Carter notes to Rogers that the world has changed and is surprised to see him.

In 2016, Carter passed away in her sleep, and Sharon, Rogers, and Sam Wilson attend her funeral. Leaving two children, who she is survived by.

Working at S.H.I.E.L.D.
In an alternate identical-history 1970s, Director Carter is seen working at S.H.I.E.L.D.'s base at Camp Lehigh, New Jersey.

Reunited with Steve Rogers
In an alternate identical-history 1949, Carter was met by Earth 616-Steve Rogers. They got married and lived a happy life together.

Captain Carter
Atwell portrays Captain Carter in the first episode of the Disney+ animated series What If...? in an alternate universe. In this timeline, she receives the Super Soldier Serum and becomes a superhero named Captain Carter. In the ninth episode, she is recruited by the Watcher to join the Guardians of the Multiverse to stop an alternate Ultron. She returns in the What If...? season 2 episodes "What If... Captain Carter Fought the Hydra Stomper?", "What If... the Avengers Assembled in 1602?", and "What If... Strange Supreme Intervened?".

Another version of Captain Carter appears in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. In Earth-838, Carter serves as a member of the Illuminati and is killed when Wanda Maximoff throws Carter's shield at her, cutting her in half.

Becoming a Super Soldier
In an alternate 1943, when Carter chooses to stay in the main theater instead of watching from a safe distance, Kruger attacks Project Rebirth before it starts and shoots Rogers, leading Carter to take the Super Soldier Serum herself. Carter, after attacking a Hydra convoy and successfully retrieving the Tesseract from Hydra leader Johann Schmidt, becomes the superhero Captain Carter, equipped with a vibranium shield that has a Union Jack style paint job. Rogers instead pilots the Hydra Stomper armor made by Howard Stark and powered by the Tesseract. Carter fights alongside Rogers to help the Allied Forces win World War II. In 1945, Rogers goes missing during an attack on a Hydra train, prompting Carter to interrogate Arnim Zola to learn the location of Schmidt's castle. They find him using the Tesseract to summon an interdimensional creature from a portal which kills him. Carter sacrifices herself by entering the portal while pushing the creature back into it.

Carter lands in S.H.I.E.L.D.'s warehouse, meeting Nick Fury and Clint Barton, who tell her the war ended almost 70 years ago. In 2012, Carter becomes a member of the Avengers, consisting of Barton, Natasha Romanoff, Thor, Tony Stark, and Hope van Dyne, and fights in the Battle of New York.

Joining the Guardians of the Multiverse
By 2014, Carter, who works for S.H.I.E.L.D., goes on a mission with Romanoff to rescue the hijacked S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel Lemurian Star from Georges Batroc. While she duels Batroc, she is recruited by the Watcher to form the Guardians of the Multiverse to defeat Ultron, who plans to take control and destroy the entire multiverse. She and the Guardians meet Stephen Strange in a pub-like setting before being sent out to stop Ultron. The Guardians and an apocalyptic version of Romanoff fight Ultron in his and Romanoff's home universe, and Carter exposes Ultron's eye by removing part of his helmet. This allows Romanoff to inject an Arnim Zola virus, wiping out Ultron's consciousness, destroying him. Carter is then returned to her universe by the Watcher although she briefly hesitates while staring at a picture of her Steve Rogers.

Facing the Hydra Stomper
Back in her universe, Carter and Romanoff subdue Batroc, and then Romanoff informs her that the Hydra Stomper has been found with someone inside. This proves to be a still alive and barely aged Steve Rogers who was believed to have perished fighting Hydra in 1953. However, Rogers attacks the two women and escapes. Fury and Romanoff admit that there have been rumors of the Hydra Stomper still being around since the 1960s, but as the world's most deadly killer and a terrorist, Rogers having been captured and brainwashed by the Red Room. Carter and Romanoff thwart an assassination attempt by Rogers on Barnes in Washington, D.C.. They take Rogers to a hideout in Scotland where they discover that biotech in the Hydra Stomper has kept Rogers from aging, but it's also the only thing keeping him alive, meaning that they can't remove the suit without killing him. Awakening seemingly free of his brainwashing, Rogers leads the two women to a test site in Sokovia used the Red Room and reconnects with Carter. However, the Red Room attacks and reactivates Rogers' brainwashing, revealing that his true mission had always been to capture Carter. During the battle that follows, Carter manages to help Rogers break through the brainwashing and he seemingly sacrifices himself to destroy the Red Room.

Sometime later, Carter leaves Avengers Tower and is met by Romanoff in the garage. She states her desire to find Rogers who she is convinced is still alive. Before she can leave, Carter is pulled from a chaos magic portal into another universe. She is then met by Fury and Scarlet Witch who state that she is the person who can save their queen and their world. Carter begins calling for the Watcher.

Stranded on Earth-1602
Stranded on Earth-1602, in the year 1602, Carter agrees to help Fury and the Scarlet Witch upon learning about an impending incursion. Sometime later, as a tear opens up, she arrives at the courtyard and saves Loki from being pulled into it. However, she is unable to save Queen Hela and under the new King Thor's orders is hunted down by Happy Hogan and the Royal Yellowjackets. Carter hides out and hears the Watcher narrating. She speaks to him and he tells her she does not belong in that universe. Carter tells him she wants to be there to help them, and locates Stark. She seeks his help in retrieving Thor's scepter and he tells her about people who can help steal it. She stumbles upon Loki's carriage and finds Scott Lang, Barnes, and Rogers there. She is overjoyed to meet a new Rogers and joins them at a pub, but it gets attacked by Hogan, the Yellowjackets and the Destroyer, who Carter fights off. She willingly gets taken into custody and speaks again with the Watcher, before freeing herself and frees Bruce Banner, bringing out the Hulk. They meet with Stark who reveals his device and are met by Rogers, Lang, and Barnes. The group disguise themselves and enter Thor's courtroom and wait for the Hulk's signal. After he arrives, Carter confronts Thor over the Scepter and he engages in a fight with her. Once the Scarlet Witch intervenes, Carter takes the Scepter and uses the Time Stone inside on Stark's device, exposing the time-displaced person to be Rogers. She is forced to say goodbye to him and sends him back to his universe, which ends the impending incursion and returns everyone else too to their universes.

However, Carter remains left behind in the universe and returns to the pub alone, but is met suddenly by Strange.

Facing Strange Supreme
Using his magic to provide shot glasses for them, Strange then takes her to his dimension, Sanctum Infintium. He shows her the captured "universe-killers" and asks her to help him catch one that got away. He sends her to a universe where HYDRA had won and destroyed everything. The Watcher arrives and asks her what she is doing there. After he leaves, Carter is attacked by Kahhori, before the two make conversation and Carter learns that Strange lied to her. The two are then pulled through a portal back to the Sanctum and Carter learns he wants to resurrect his destroyed universe. In an effort to stall him, Carter releases all of Strange's prisoners and escapes with Kahhori. They run into a zombified Wanda Maximoff and other zombies, before another Hela, Fenris, and Surtur arrive. As they escape through the Sanctum, they are confronted by Thanos, but he gets snapped away by Erik Stevens. Stevens prepares to attack them, but Kahhori removes the Infinity Stone cladded armor from him and Carter puts the Stones on her armor. They reach the Forge and engage in a battle against Strange, which Carter tries reason with him but he said that his grief is too great. When he brings the captives to the Forge, Carter and Kahhori work together to save them, as Hela, Xu Wenwu, another Hulk, and another Thor throw their weapons to them. Carter fights off Strange, which, thanks to her compassion, he's been able resist to his grief, allowing to spare Carter, as he falls into the Forge and is rescued by the Watcher.

She is taken to the Nexus of All Realities and then to Strange's restored universe where they see Christine Palmer alive. Carter tells the Watcher she wants to see the Multiverse before going home and he takes her to the end of time to see Loki and assembly of the Multiversal Tree, that resembles Yggdrasil.

Earth-838
In an alternate 2021, in the universe designated Earth-838, Captain Carter is a member of the Illuminati. When Thanos instigates the Infinity War, she and the Illuminati successfully defeat him using the Book of Vishanti. She is also present at the execution of 838-Stephen Strange, who became corrupted by the Darkhold. Carter and her fellow Illuminati debate what to do with Earth 616-Strange and America Chavez when they arrive on Earth-838. When their headquarters is attacked by 616-Wanda Maximoff, who has possessed the body of her Earth-838 counterpart, Carter is killed when she is bisected by her own shield.

1988 Avengers vs. Ego
In an alternate 1988, now-Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. Carter learns of destruction caused by a young Peter Quill, and together with Howard Stark, assembles a team composed of Bill Foster, King T'Chaka of Wakanda, Wendy Larson, Bucky Barnes, and Hank Pym to stop Quill and his father Ego. They are joined by Thor and witness the defeat of Ego's physical form at Quill's hands. Afterwards, Carter attends a victory party at Pym's house.

Maid Margaret
In an alternate universe set in 1602, Rogers Hood mentioned Captain Carter's counterpart Maid Margaret (a spoof of Maid Marian) and how she died at some point.

Characterization
About the character's debut in Captain America: The First Avenger, Atwell stated, "I likened her character to that famous Ginger Rogers quote. She can do everything Captain America can do, but backwards and in high heels. She's an English soldier through and through, although she always looks fabulous. She might stand there with a machine-gun shooting Nazis, but she's obviously gone to the loo beforehand and applied a bit of lipstick. She doesn't need to be rescued. That's exciting to me – her strength." She added, "I think she's quite stubborn, a slightly frustrated woman who struggles with being a woman in that time. But more importantly she's a modern woman and she sees something in Captain America that she relates to, and becomes kindred spirits. He treats her very differently to how she's been treated by lots of men, in this kind of dominated world she lives in. So she's very much a fighter."

Carter is the first female character to headline a standalone story as part of the MCU, ahead of popular comic characters such as Black Widow and Captain Marvel. Unlike other major Marvel heroes, Carter does not have any superpowers, instead the writers "always said her superpower is the fact that other people underestimate her. And she often uses that to her advantage". Atwell said it was "thrilling" to explore "the backdrop of this male-dominated world, where women are still in the workforce, unspoken for and struggling to find a place outside the home" and how it affects Carter, who must deal with this along with the missions she receives.

On the character starring in her own short film, the director of the Agent Carter short film Louis D'Esposito said that Marvel always wanted to do a Peggy Carter short since the character "was a fan-favorite and a Marvel Studios favorite". D'Esposito enjoyed the moment when Carter uses her compact to view the bad guy, which was ad libbed during filming, because "that's the essence of what she's about and what the film's about. Not only is she—especially in that time—a woman in a man's world, she still maintains her femininity".

Speaking about the influence that the apparent death of Steve Rogers has on Carter, Atwell explained that "It's only been a year and she's grieving him and I think what keeps her going is he was the greatest person she ever knew ... she's also determined to make sure that his work wasn't in vain." Following the first season, Atwell noted that Carter did not "win everyone's respect", with Jack Thompson taking credit for her actions, for example, but "she knows her value so she doesn't need that praise". For the second season, executive producer Michele Fazekas explained that after Carter "put a lot of things emotionally to bed", such as letting go of Captain America, she is now "more open to looking at her life and figuring out, does she want a relationship?" Fazekas added that Carter would start to realize that "not everybody has her ideals", even in the SSR.

Appearance
For Carter's costumes, though some vintage pieces were used, most of her outfits were custom made to accommodate the scripted action scenes. Costume designer Giovanna Ottobre-Melton gave the outfits an "hourglass style with strength in the tailoring and defined shoulders, but not overly exaggerated." For the character's tactical gear, World War II underground military looks were referenced. On receiving the script for Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Atwell realized the character "would be 96, and I would be up to the eyeballs in prosthetics." The visual effects team was not satisfied with the initial make-up used to make Atwell look older, and eventually resorted to aging her through CGI methods.

Critical response
Reviewing Captain America: The First Avenger, Christy Lemire of the Associated Press said, "Atwell's gorgeous looks make her a great fit for the part, but her character is better developed than you might imagine; she's no damsel in distress, waiting for Captain America to save her, but rather a trained fighter who is very much his equal." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt that she resembled "a classic military pin-up of the period" with her depicted "full red lips" of the film.

Rosie Fletcher of Total Film noted that the Marvel One-Shot short film Agent Carter was well received by the audience at San Diego Comic-Con, and praised Atwell's performance. Andy Hunsaker at CraveOnline said the short "gives its title character the send-off she deserves", and hoped that it would lead to further female-focused properties from Marvel. IGN's Scott Collura called Atwell "the big-screen female superhero we've all been waiting for. She kicks so much ass in this short story with such aplomb, using not just brawn but also brains, and it's all very clever and fun." He felt the short seemed more of a proof-of-concept that female-based superhero projects could work, but that "Atwell never loses touch with her feminine side" either.

Brian Lowry, reviewing the two-part premiere of the TV series Agent Carter for Variety, felt that giving Atwell her own television series was "a pretty smart bet" by Marvel, and he called the episodes "considerable fun".

The A.V. Club named Atwell's performance as one of the "Best Individual Performances" of 2015.