Penang State Legislative Assembly

The Penang State Legislative Assembly is the legislature of the Malaysian state of Penang. It is a unicameral institution, consisting of a total of 40 elected lawmakers representing single-member constituencies throughout Penang. The state legislature, whose members are called State Assemblymen, convenes at the Penang State Assembly Building in Penang's capital city of George Town. The Penang State Executive Council, the executive branch of the Penang state government, is drawn from among the State Assemblymen.

After the 2023 Penang state election and out of the 40 seats, 29 are held by the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN) ruling coalitions. Within the PH coalition, the Democratic Action Party (DAP) retains its 19 seats since 2008, the People's Justice Party (PKR) holds 7 seats and the National Trust Party (Amanah) retain just a single seat, while the BN coalition holds 2 seats. The PH and BN coalitions thus command a supermajority in the legislature. Meanwhile, 11 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) opposition coalition.



Seating arrangement
The seating arrangement of the Penang State Legislative Assembly is as follows.

Role
The Penang State Legislative Assembly's main function is to enact legislation and policies relating to the State List and Joint List as defined in the Federal Constitution. Its members also provide oversight on the state's executive branch of government, ensuring the state departments and agencies enforce the aforementioned legislation. Debates in the Assembly are presided over by the Speaker.

The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Assembly is appointed the Chief Minister by the Tuan Yang Terutama Tun Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang. The Chief Minister heads the state's executive, known as the State Executive Council, whose members are also drawn from the Assembly.

Committees
The State Assembly also consists of committees to handle administrative matters. The committees include:
 * Public Accounts Committee
 * Committee on Privileges
 * House Committee
 * Standing Orders Committee
 * Constitution Committee

Speakers Roll of Honour
The following is the Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly Roll of Honour, since 1959:

Election pendulum
The 2023 Penang state election witnessed 29 governmental seats and 11 non-governmental seats filled the Penang State Legislative Assembly. The government side has 25 safe seats and 1 fairly safe seats, while the non-government side has 4 safe seats and 3 fairly safe seats.