Phu Miang–Phu Thong Wildlife Sanctuary

Phu Miang—Phu Thong Wildlife Sanctuary (เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าภูเมี่ยง—ภูทอง; ) is a wildlife sanctuary in Chat Trakan District of Phitsanulok Province and Nam Pat District of Uttaradit Province of Thailand. The sanctuary covers an area of 696 km2 and was established in 1977.

Geography
Phu Miang—Phu Thong Wildlife Sanctuary is located about 50 km southeast of Uttaradit town in Ban Dong, Bo Phak, Chat Trakan and Pa Daeng subdistricts of Chat Trakan District of Phitsanulok Province and Nam Phai Subdistrict of Nam Pat District of Uttaradit Province. The sanctuary's area is 696 km2 and is abutting Phu Soi Dao National Park to the north, Namtok Chat Trakan National Park to the southeast and Ton Sak Yai National Park to the west and neighbouring Nam Pat Wildlife Sanctuary to the north.

Topography
Landscape is mostly covered by forested mountains, such as Khao Khwam Ruea 1066 m, Khao Laem Ngam Laem Thon 1140 m, Khao Lak Kachan 960 m, Khao Lon 865 m, Khao Thong 1249 m and Phu Miang is with 1564 m the highest. Most of the sanctuary has a slope between 16% and 35%. The total forested area is 95%, divided into 35% high slope mountain area (upper-slopes, shallow valleys, mountain tops and deeply incised streams) and 60% hill slope area (open slopes, u-shaped valleys and midslope ridges).

Climate
The annual average temperature is 29.0 C. The highest temperature in April is 34.2 C and the lowest temperature in January is 24.0 C. The average amount of rainfall per year is 1,011 mm and the highest amount of rainfall per month is 80.6 mm in July.

History
Phu Miang—Phu Thong forest in the area of Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province and Nam Pat District, Uttaradit Province was declared a wildlife sanctuary, which was publized in the Government Gazette, volume 94, issue 137, dated December 31, 1977. Royal Forest Department extended the wildlife sanctuary with Bo Thong Subdistrict, Thong Saen Khan Minordistrict, Uttaradit Province, proclaimed in the Government Gazette, volume 106, issue 157, dated September 20, 1989. In 1992 the wildlife sanctuary was extended again, this time with Pa Daeng Subdistrict, Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province, which was announced in the Government Gazette, volume 109, issue 42, dated April 8, 1992. Since 2002 this wildlife sanctuary has been managed by Protected Areas Regional Office 11 (Phitsanulok).

Flora
The sanctuary features mixed deciduous forest (65%), hill evergreen forest (26%), agricultural area (4%), degraded forest (3%), dry evergreen forest and bamboo forest, each at less than 1%.

Fauna
In the sanctuary are the following number of species: 67 mammals, 243 birds, 31 reptiles and 69 amphibians. Mammals in the sanctuary are: • Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus)

• Asian elephant (Elaphus maximus)

• Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus)

• Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis)

• Barking deer (Muntiacus spp.)

• Black flying squirrel (Aeromys tephromelas)

• Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)

• Flying squirrel (Petinomys spp.)

• Lar gibbon (Hylobates lar)

• Mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis)

• Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

• Sun bear (Helarctos Malayanus)

• Wild boar (Sus scrofa) Four mammal species are listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List: • Asian elephant (Elaphus maximus)

• Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus)

• Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis)

• Lar gibbon (Hylobates lar) Six mammal species are listed as Vulnerable: • Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus)

• Black flying squirrel (Aeromys tephromelas)

• Flying squirrel (Petinomys spp.)

• Mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis)

• Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

• Sun bear (Helardtos Malayanus)

Birds in the sanctuary are: • Asian brown flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica)

• Black-crested bulbul (Rubigula flaviventris)

• Green-eared barbet (Psilopogon faiostrictus)

• Green-billed malkoha (Phaenicophaeus tristis)

• Hainan blue flycatcher (Cyornis hainanus)

• House swift (Apus nipalensis)

• Lineated barbet (Psilopogon lineatus)

• Olive-backed pipit (Anthus hodgsoni)

• Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus)

• Red-throated flycatcher (Ficedula albicilla)

• Scarlet-backed flowerpecker (Dicaeum cruentatum)

• Yellow-bellied sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis)