Piano Sonata in B minor (Strauss)



The Piano Sonata in B minor, Op.5, was written by Richard Strauss in 1880–81. The Sonata is in the Romantic style of his teenage years. The first recording of the piece was the last recording made by the Canadian pianist Glenn Gould.

Composition
The Piano Sonata is in four movements:


 * 1) Allegro molto appassionato
 * 2) Adagio cantabile
 * 3) Scherzo: Presto – Trio: Un poco più lento
 * 4) Finale. Allegretto vivo.

The first movement and Finale are in Sonata form. The Adagio is in Ternary form with an ABA structure; the Scherzo is a "full fledged Scherzo in an expanded ABABA form. The first movement is notable for having the main theme based on the repeated note short-short-short long which echoes the rhythm of the Fate motif of Beethoven's Fifth symphony. Larry Todd states that:

"The first movement appropriates its familiar four-note head motive from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. The first movement is fairly saturated with the motive, which appears in the first theme, the bridge and the closing section of the exposition. In addition, much of the development is devoted to a treatment of the motive, and in the closing bars of the movement we find a major key version of the close of Beethoven's first movement'.."

In the three subsequent movements, "the reliance on Mendelssohn comes more and more to the fore". In particular, Todd argues that Strauss' Adagio Cantabile is effectively a Mendelssohnian Lied ohne Worte (Song without words). In the Scherzo and Finale, one can also find echoes of Mendelssohn, both in terms of structure, time signature and thematic material. The performance time is approximately 27 minutes.

Strauss had been writing pieces for the piano since he was seven years old, but the Piano Sonata was the most significant one of three to which he gave an opus number (the other two being his Five piano pieces, Op. 3, written in 1882, and Stimmungsbilder, Op. 9, written in 1884). After 1884 his piano writing was either for piano and orchestra (Burleske in D minor (1886) and Parergon zur Symphonia Domestica (1925)) or as an accompaniment to the voice in Lieder or other instruments.

Recordings
The best-known recording of the sonata was also its first recording, being the last record by Glenn Gould. (It was recorded between September 1–3, 1982 in New York City.) The recordings of the piece include: