Piriqueta

Piriqueta is a genus of flowering plants belonging to Turneroideae (Passifloraceae).

Description
Piriqueta is a genus of herbs or subshrub dicots.

Morphology
Most members of Piriqueta are perennial or suffrutic herbs, there are some shrubs and some annual species.

All members of Piriqueta have the same floral organization: short calyx tubes that are attached to petal claws, coronas, and filaments. The peduncle and pedicels are free. Seeds are reticulate in all species, two thirds of the species have puberulent seeds, others have glabrous seeds. They are generally hairy, though some only have hair in the floral regions.

Over half of Piriqueta species have setiform glandular hairs and tuberculate fruits, some with axillary inflorescences.

Various members of Piriqueta, see list below, have a unique reproductive system called distyly, in which, two floral morphs are present which differ in their placement of anthers and style length. More rarely, some species show tristyly in which three floral morphs are present.

Karyotype
30% of Piriqueta are polyploids. The basic chromosome number is x=7.

Taxonomy
Piriqueta was originally described in 1775 by J. F. B. Fusée Aublet in Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Françoise, 1877. In this book, he describes Piriqueta villosa. Aublet describes P. villosa as being deciduous, with ovate hairy leaflets, having five "scaly" petals with cup alternation, five filaments, ovate and bilocular anthers, five six-branched pistils with flat fleshy wide stigmas, and being covered in red stiff hairs.

In 1777, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli would publish the genus under Burghartia and would place the genus in the tribe Sauvagesieae of Ochnaceae.

In 1789, Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber would publish the genus under Burcardia. The description is similar to that of Aublet's with the exception of the petals described as "heart" shaped.

Scopoli's and Schreber's descriptions both refer to Piriqueta as a synonym, neither provided type species in their descriptions.

Distribution and habitat
Members of Piriqueta have native ranges throughout tropical and subtropical regions of North, Central, and South America.

Various members of Piriqueta have been introduced to Java, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Species
As of 2023, there are 46 accepted species of Piriqueta. Notes on the number of floral morphs
 * Piriqueta abairana Arbo2
 * Piriqueta araguaiana Arbo2
 * Piriqueta asperifolia Arbo2
 * Piriqueta assurensis Urb.1,2
 * Piriqueta aurea (Cambess.) Urb.2
 * Piriqueta breviseminata Arbo2
 * Piriqueta caiapoensis Arbo2
 * Piriqueta carnea Urb.2
 * Piriqueta cistoides (L.) Griseb. ssp. cistoides 2
 * Piriqueta cistoides (Walter) Arbo ssp. caroliniana 1
 * Piriqueta constellata Arbo2
 * Piriqueta corumbensis Moura2
 * Piriqueta crenata L.Rocha, I.M.Souza & Arbo
 * Piriqueta cristobaliae Arbo2
 * Piriqueta densiflora Urb.2
 * Piriqueta dentata Arbo2
 * Piriqueta douradinha Arbo2
 * Piriqueta duarteana (Cambess.) Urb.2
 * Piriqueta emasensis Arbo2
 * Piriqueta flammea (Suess.) Arbo2
 * Piriqueta grandifolia (Urb.) Arbo2
 * Piriqueta guianensis N.E.Br.2,3
 * Piriqueta hapala Arbo1
 * Piriqueta lourteigiae Arbo2
 * Piriqueta mesoamericana Arbo2
 * Piriqueta mexicana Fryxell & S.D.Koch1
 * Piriqueta morongii Rolfe1,2
 * Piriqueta mortonii S.D.Koch & Fryxell1
 * Piriqueta nanuzae Arbo2
 * Piriqueta nitida Urb.2
 * Piriqueta ochroleuca Urb.2
 * Piriqueta pampeana Cabreira & Miotto
 * Piriqueta plicata Urb.2
 * Piriqueta racemosa (Jacq.) Sweet1,2
 * Piriqueta revoluta Arbo2?
 * Piriqueta rosea (Cambess.) Urb.2
 * Piriqueta sarae Arbo2
 * Piriqueta scabrida Urb.2
 * Piriqueta sidifolia Urb. ssp. sidifolia2
 * Piriqueta sidifolia Urb. ssp. multiflora2
 * Piriqueta suborbicularis (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Arbo2
 * Piriqueta subsessilis Urb.2
 * Piriqueta sulfurea Urb. & Rolfe2
 * Piriqueta tamberlikii (Cambess.) Arbo ssp. rotindifolia2
 * Piriqueta tamberlikii Urb. ssp. tamberlikii2
 * Piriqueta taubatensis (Urb.) Arbo2
 * Piriqueta undulata Urb.2
 * Piriqueta venezuelana Arbo1?
 * Piriqueta viscosa Griseb.1

1,2,3 denote the number of floral morphs (1 = homostylous, 2 = distylous, 3 = tristylous) ? Denotes uncertain annotations. Those unannotated are missing data.

Formerly placed in the genus

 * Afroqueta capensis (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. as Piriqueta capensis (Harv.) Urb.
 * Adenoa cubensis (Britton & P.Wilson) Arbo as Piriqueta cubensis Britton & P.Wilson
 * Arboa antsingyae (Arbo) Thulin & Razafim as Piriqueta antsingyae Capuron
 * Arboa berneriana (Tul.) Thulin & Razafim as Piriqueta berneriana (Tul.) Urb.
 * Arboa integrifolia (Claverie) Thulin & Razafim as Piriqueta integrifolia (Claverie) Capuron and Piriqueta mandrarensis Humbert
 * Arboa madagascariensis (O.Hoffm.) Thulin & Razafim as Piriqueta madagascariensis Urb.
 * Erblichia odorata Seem as Piriqueta odorata (Seem.) Urb. and Piriqueta xylocarpa Sprague & L.Riley