Pisces in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus described the Pisces as: "Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides the parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure."

Linnaean Characteristics
 * Heart: 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
 * Gills: external
 * Jaw: incumbent
 * Penis: (usually) none
 * Eggs: without whites
 * Organs of Sense: tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears
 * Covering: imbricate scales
 * Supports: fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.

Apodes

 * Muraena (eels)
 * Muraena helena – Mediterranean moray
 * Muraena ophis – Spotted snake eel
 * Muraena serpens – Serpent eel
 * Muraena anguilla – European eel
 * Muraena myrus – Painted eel
 * Muraena conger – European conger
 * Muraena caeca – European finless eel


 * Gymnotus (electric knifefishes)
 * Gymnotus carapo – Banded knifefish
 * Gymnotus asiaticus – Snakehead


 * Trichiurus (cutlassfishes)
 * Trichiurus lepturus – Largehead hairtail


 * Anarhichas (wolffishes)
 * Anarhichas lupus – Atlantic wolffish


 * Ammodytes (sand eels)
 * Ammodytes tobianus – Lesser sand eel


 * Stromateus (butterfishes)
 * Stromateus fiatola – Blue Butterfish
 * Stromateus paru – American Harvestfish


 * Xiphias (swordfishes)
 * Xiphias gladius – Swordfish

Jugulares

 * Callionymus (dragonets)
 * Callionymus lyra & Callionymus dracunculus – Common Dragonet
 * Callionymus indicus – Bartail flathead


 * Uranoscopus (stargazers)
 * Uranoscopus scaber – Uranoscopus scaber


 * Trachinus (weevers)
 * Trachinus draco – Greater weever


 * Gadus (cod & kin)
 * Gadus aeglefinus – Haddock
 * Gadus morhua & Gadus callarias – Atlantic Cod
 * Gadus luscus & Gadus barbatus – Pouting
 * Gadus minutus – Poor cod
 * Gadus virens & Gadus carbonarius – Coalfish
 * Gadus merlangus – Whiting
 * Gadus pollachius – Pollock
 * Gadus merluccius – European hake
 * Gadus molva – Common ling
 * Gadus lota – Burbot
 * Gadus mustela – Fivebeard rockling
 * Gadus mediterraneus – Shore rockling


 * Blennius (blennies)
 * Blennius galerita – Montagu's blenny
 * Blennius cristatus – Molly Miller
 * Blennius cornutus – Horned blenny
 * Blennius ocellaris – Butterfly Blenny
 * Blennius gattorugine – Tompot blenny
 * Blennius superciliosus – Clinus superciliosus
 * Blennius mustelarius – nomen dubium
 * Blennius pholis – Combtooth blenny
 * Blennius gunnellus – Rock gunnel
 * Blennius viviparus – Viviparous eelpout
 * Blennius lumpenus – unknown
 * Blennius raninus – Tadpole fish


 * Ophidion (cusk-eels)
 * Ophidion barbatum – Snake blenny
 * Ophidion imberbe – Rock gunnel
 * Ophidion macrophthalmum – Red bandfish

Cyclopterus

 * Cyclopterus (Lumpfishes)
 * Cyclopterus lumpus – Cyclopterus lumpus
 * Cyclopterus nudus – Gobiesox nudus

Echeneis

 * Echeneis (Remoras)
 * Echeneis remora – Common remora
 * Echeneis neucrates – Live sharksucker

Coryphaena

 * Coryphaena (Dolphinfishes)
 * Coryphaena hippurus – Common dolphinfish
 * Coryphaena equiselis – Pompano dolphinfish
 * Coryphaena pentadactyla – Fivefinger wrasse
 * Coryphaena novacula – Pearly razorfish
 * Coryphaena pompilus – Rudderfish

Gobius

 * Gobius (Gobies)
 * Gobius niger & Gobius jozo – Black goby
 * Gobius paganellus – Rock goby
 * Gobius eleotris
 * Gobius aphya
 * Gobius pectinirostris – Blue-spotted mud hopper
 * Gobius anguillaris – Taenioides anguillaris

Cottus

 * Cottus (Sculpins)
 * Cottus cataphractus – Agonus cataphractus
 * Cottus quadricornis – Fourhorn sculpin
 * Cottus grunniens – Allenbatrachus grunniens
 * Cottus scaber – Grammoplites scaber
 * Cottus scorpius – Shorthorn sculpin
 * Cottus gobio – European bullhead

Scorpaena

 * Scorpaena (Scorpionfishes)
 * Scorpaena porcus – European scorpionfish
 * Scorpaena scrofa – Bigscale scorpionfish

Zeus

 * Zeus (John Dories & kin)
 * Zeus vomer – Lookdown
 * Zeus gallus – Selene gallus
 * Zeus faber – John Dory
 * Zeus aper – Capros aper

Pleuronectes

 * Pleuronectes (Flatfishes)
 * Pleuronectes achirus – Achirus achirus
 * Pleuronectes trichodactylus – Monochirus trichodactylus
 * Pleuronectes lineatus – Lined sole
 * Pleuronectes ocellatus – Microchirus ocellatus
 * Pleuronectes lunatus – Plate fish
 * Pleuronectes hippoglossus – Atlantic halibut
 * Pleuronectes cynoglossus – Trobay sole
 * Pleuronectes platessa – European plaice
 * Pleuronectes flesus & Pleuronectes passer – European flounder
 * Pleuronectes limanda – Common dab
 * Pleuronectes solea – Common sole
 * Pleuronectes linguatula – Citharus linguatula
 * Pleuronectes rhombus – Brill
 * Pleuronectes maximus – Turbot
 * Pleuronectes papillosus – Syacium papillosum

Chaetodon

 * Chaetodon (Butterflyfishes, Angelfishes, & kin)
 * Chaetodon canescens & Chaetodon cornutus – Moorish idol
 * Chaetodon argenteus – Silver moony
 * Chaetodon acuminatus & Chaetodon macrolepidotus – Pennant coralfish
 * Chaetodon pinnatus – Dusky batfish
 * Chaetodon punctatus – Drepane punctata
 * Chaetodon arcuatus – Gray angelfish
 * Chaetodon rostratus – Copperband butterflyfish
 * Chaetodon nigricans – Acanthurus nigricans
 * Chaetodon triostegus – Convict surgeonfish
 * Chaetodon lineatus – Striped surgeon
 * Chaetodon striatus – Banded butterflyfish
 * Chaetodon aruanus – Whitetail dascyllus
 * Chaetodon capistratus – Foureye butterflyfish
 * Chaetodon vagabundus – Vagabond butterflyfish
 * Chaetodon ciliaris – Queen angelfish
 * Chaetodon saxatilis – Sergeant major
 * Chaetodon rotundus – Abudefduf septemfasciatus
 * Chaetodon lanceolatus – Jack-knifefish

Sparus

 * Sparus (Breams and Porgies)
 * Sparus aurata – Gilt-head bream
 * Sparus annularis – Diplodus annularis
 * Sparus sargus – Diplodus sargus
 * Sparus melanurus – Saddled seabream
 * Sparus smaris – Spicara smaris
 * Sparus maena – Spicara maena
 * Sparus saxatilis – Crenicichla saxatilis
 * Sparus orphus & Sparus pagrus – Red porgy
 * Sparus hurta & Sparus mormyrus – Lithognathus mormyrus
 * Sparus erythrinus – Common pandora
 * Sparus boops – Boops boops
 * Sparus cantharus – Black seabream
 * Sparus chromis – Chromis chromis
 * Sparus salpa – Salema porgy
 * Sparus synagris – Lane snapper
 * Sparus dentex – Common dentex
 * Sparus spinus – Siganus spinus
 * Sparus virginicus – Porkfish
 * Sparus capistratus
 * Sparus galilaeus – Mango tilapia

Labrus

 * Labrus (Wrasses, Parrotfishes, & kin)
 * Labrus scarus
 * Labrus cretensis – Mediterranean parrotfish
 * Labrus anthias – Anthias anthias
 * Labrus hepatus – Serranus hepatus
 * Labrus griseus – Mangrove snapper
 * Labrus lunaris – Moon wrasse
 * Labrus opercularis – Paradise fish
 * Labrus pavo – Ornate wrasse
 * Labrus auritus – Redbreast sunfish
 * Labrus falcatus – Permit
 * Labrus rufus – Spanish hogfish
 * Labrus marginalis
 * Labrus ferrugineus
 * Labrus julis & Labrus paroticus – Mediterranean rainbow wrasse
 * Labrus suillus & Labrus rupestris – Goldsinny wrasse
 * Labrus striatus – Black sea bass
 * Labrus gvaza – Venezuelan grouper
 * Labrus ocellaris
 * Labrus tinca – Symphodus tinca
 * Labrus bimaculatus – Cichlasoma bimaculatum
 * Labrus punctatus – Polycentrus schomburgkii
 * Labrus melops – Corkwing wrasse
 * Labrus niloticus – Nile perch
 * Labrus ossifagus, Labrus mixtus, & Labrus varius – Cuckoo wrasse
 * Labrus onitis – Tautog
 * Labrus viridis – Green wrasse
 * Labrus luscus – Green wrasse
 * Labrus livens – Labrus merula
 * Labrus turdus – Labrus viridis
 * Labrus exoletus & Labrus chinensis – Centrolabrus exoletus
 * Labrus linearis
 * Labrus fulvus – Cephalopholis fulva
 * Labrus radiatus – Puddingwife wrasse
 * Labrus merula – Brown wrasse
 * Labrus cynaedus

Sciaena

 * Sciaena (Snappers & Croakers)
 * Sciaena cappa
 * Sciaena lepisma
 * Sciaena unimaculata
 * Sciaena umbra – Brown meagre
 * Sciaena cirrosa – Umbrina cirrosa

Perca

 * Perca (Perch, Grouper, & kin)
 * Perca fluviatilis – European perch
 * Perca lucioperca – Zander (Sander lucioperca)
 * Perca asper – Asper (Zingel asper)
 * Perca labrax – European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
 * Perca nilotica – Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
 * Perca marina – Painted comber (Serranus scriba)
 * Perca nobilis – Barred grunt (Conodon nobilis)
 * Perca polymna – Saddleback clownfish (Amphiprion polymnus)
 * Perca cottoides – Marbled stingfish (Cottapistus cottoides)
 * Perca philadelphica – Centropristis philadelphica
 * Perca mediterranea – Axillary wrasse (Symphodus mediterraneus)
 * Perca vittata – Oriental Sweetlips (Plectorhinchus vittatus)
 * Perca punctata – Coney (Cephalopholis fulva)
 * Perca guttata – Red hind (Epinephelus guttatus)
 * Perca scriba – Painted comber (Serranus scriba)
 * Perca venenosa – Yellowfin grouper (Mycteroperca venenosa)
 * Perca melanura – Cottonwick grunt (Haemulon melanurum)
 * Perca gibbosa – Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)
 * Perca saltatrix – Kyphosus sectatrix
 * Perca stigma
 * Perca diagramma – Striped sweetlips (Plectorhinchus diagrammus)
 * Perca striata – Striped grunt (Haemulon striatum)
 * Perca lineata – Yellowbanded sweetlips (Plectorhinchus lineatus)
 * Perca rhomboidalis – Western Atlantic seabream (Archosargus rhomboidalis)
 * Perca cernua – Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua)
 * Perca schraetser – Striped ruffe Gymnocephalus schraetser
 * Perca argentea – Terapon theraps
 * Perca cabrilla – Comber (Serranus cabrilla)
 * Perca radula

Gasterosteus

 * Gasterosteus (Sticklebacks & kin)
 * Gasterosteus aculeatus – Three-spined stickleback
 * Gasterosteus ductor – Pilot fish
 * Gasterosteus occidentalis
 * Gasterosteus ovatus – Trachinotus ovatus
 * Gasterosteus pungitius – Ninespine stickleback
 * Gasterosteus volitans – Red lionfish
 * Gasterosteus spinachia – Spinachia spinachia
 * Gasterosteus spinarella – Flying gurnard

Scomber

 * Scomber (Mackerel & Tuna)
 * Scomber scombrus – Atlantic mackerel
 * Scomber pelamis – Skipjack tuna
 * Scomber thynnus – Atlantic bluefin tuna
 * Scomber cordyla – Torpedo scad
 * Scomber glaucus – Trachinotus ovatus
 * Scomber trachurus – Atlantic horse mackerel
 * Scomber amia – Lichia amia
 * Scomber pelagicus – Dolphinfish

Mullus

 * Mullus (Goatfishes)
 * Mullus barbatus – Bluntsnouted mullet
 * Mullus surmuletus – Red mullet
 * Mullus imberbis – Cardinalfish

Trigla

 * Trigla (Sea robins)
 * Trigla cataphracta – Peristedion cataphractum
 * Trigla lyra – Piper gurnard
 * Trigla gurnardus – Grey gurnard
 * Trigla cuculus – East Atlantic red gurnard
 * Trigla lucerna – Tub Gurnard
 * Trigla hirundo – Chelidonichthys gabonensis
 * Trigla asiatica
 * Trigla volitans – Flying gurnard

Abdominales

 * Cobitis (Loaches)
 * Cobitis anableps – Four-eyed fish
 * Cobitis barbatula – Stone loach
 * Cobitis taenia – Spined loach
 * Cobitis fossilis – European weatherfish


 * Silurus (Catfishes)
 * Silurus asotus – Amur catfish
 * Silurus glanis – Wels catfish
 * Silurus aspredo – Aspredo aspredo
 * Silurus mystus – African Butter catfish
 * Silurus anguillaris – Mudfish
 * Silurus batrachus – Walking catfish
 * Silurus undecimalis
 * Silurus militaris – Osteogeneiosus militaris
 * Silurus catus – White catfish
 * Silurus clarias – Synodontis clarias
 * Silurus ascita
 * Silurus costatus – Platydoras costatus
 * Silurus callichthys – Armored catfish
 * Silurus cataphractus – Acanthodoras cataphractus


 * Loricaria (Suckermouth Catfishes)
 * Loricaria cataphracta – Suckermouth catfish


 * Salmo (Salmon, Trout, & kin)
 * Salmo salar – Atlantic salmon
 * Salmo eriox, Salmo trutta, Salmo fario, & Salmo lacustris – Brown trout
 * Salmo hucho – Huchen
 * Salmo carpio – Carpione
 * Salmo alpinus – Arctic char
 * Salmo salvelinus, Salmo salmarinus, & Salmo umbla – Salvelinus umbla
 * Salmo eperlanus – European smelt
 * Salmo saurus – Atlantic lizardfish
 * Salmo lavaretus – Common whitefish
 * Salmo albula & Salmo vimba – Vendace
 * Salmo thymallus – Grayling
 * Salmo oxyrinchus – Houting
 * Salmo gibbosus – Charax gibbosus
 * Salmo bimaculatus – Astyanax bimaculatus
 * Salmo immaculatus – Curimata cyprinoides
 * Salmo niloticus – nomen dubium
 * Salmo pulverulentus – Acestrorhynchus falcatus
 * Salmo anostomus – Anostomus anostomus


 * Fistularia (Cornetfishes)
 * Fistularia tabacaria – Bluespotted cornetfish


 * Esox (Pike, Gar, and kin)
 * Esox sphyraena – European barracuda
 * Esox osseus – Longnose gar
 * Esox vulpes – Bonefish
 * Esox synodus – Diamond lizardfish
 * Esox lucius – Northern pike
 * Esox hepsetus – Anchoa hepsetus
 * Esox bellone
 * Esox brasiliensis – Ballyhoo
 * Esox gymnocephalus – unknown


 * Argentina (Herring smelts)
 * Argentina sphyraena – European argentine


 * Atherina (Silversides)
 * Atherina hepsetus – Mediterranean sand smelt


 * Mugil (Mullet)
 * Mugil cephalus – Flathead mullet


 * Exocoetus (Flying fishes)
 * Exocoetus volitans – Tropical two-winged flying fish


 * Polynemus (Threadfins)
 * Polynemus quinquarius – Pentanemus quinquarius
 * Polynemus virginicus – Polydactylus virginicus''
 * Polynemus paradiseus – Paradise threadfin


 * Clupea (Herring, Hatchetfishes, & kin)
 * Clupea harengus – Atlantic herring
 * Clupea sprattus – European sprat
 * Clupea alosa – Allis shad
 * Clupea encrasicolus – European anchovy
 * Clupea thrissa – Clupanodon thrissa
 * Clupea sima
 * Clupea sternicla – Common hatchetfish
 * Clupea mystus – Coilia mystus
 * Clupea tropica
 * Clupea sinensis – Tenualosa reevesii


 * Cyprinus (Carp & kin)
 * Cyprinus barbus – Common barbel
 * Cyprinus carpio – Common carp
 * Cyprinus gobio – Gobio gobio
 * Cyprinus americanus – Menticirrhus americanus
 * Cyprinus carassius – Crucian carp
 * Cyprinus tinca – Tench
 * Cyprinus cephalus – European chub
 * Cyprinus auratus – Goldfish
 * Cyprinus niloticus
 * Cyprinus phoxinus & Cyprinus aphya – Common minnow
 * Cyprinus leuciscus, Cyprinus dobula, & Cyprinus grislagine – Common dace
 * Cyprinus idbarus, Cyprinus idus, Cyprinus orfus, & Cyprinus jeses – Ide
 * Cyprinus rutilus – Common roach
 * Cyprinus erythrophthalmus – Common rudd
 * Cyprinus nasus – Common Nase
 * Cyprinus aspius – Asp
 * Cyprinus alburnus – Common Bleak
 * Cyprinus vimba – Vimba bream
 * Cyprinus dentex – Alestes dentex
 * Cyprinus brama – Carp bream
 * Cyprinus cultratus – Ziege
 * Cyprinus bjoerkna – Silver bream
 * Cyprinus farenus & Cyprinus ballerus – Blue bream

Branchiostegi

 * Mormyrus (Elephantfishes)
 * Mormyrus cyprinoides – Marcusenius cyprinoides
 * Mormyrus anguilloides – Cornish jack
 * Mormyrus caschive – Mormyrus caschive


 * Balistes (Triggerfishes)
 * Balistes monoceros – Unicorn leatherjacket
 * Balistes tomentosus – Acreichthys tomentosus
 * Balistes papillosus – Papillose filefish
 * Balistes verrucosus – Rhinecanthus verrucosus
 * Balistes aculeatus – Lagoon triggerfish
 * Balistes vetula – Queen triggerfish
 * Balistes ringens – Xanthichthys ringens
 * Balistes scolopax – Longspine snipefish


 * Ostracion (Boxfishes & Cowfishes)
 * Ostracion triqueter – Lactophrys triqueter
 * Ostracion trigonus – Lactophrys trigonus
 * Ostracion bicaudalis – Spotted trunkfish
 * Ostracion tricornis & Ostracion quadricornis – scrawled cowfish
 * Ostracion cornutus – longhorn cowfish
 * Ostracion tuberculatus & Ostracion cubicus – yellow boxfish
 * Ostracion gibbosus – Tetrosomus gibbosus


 * Tetraodon (Pufferfishes & Sunfishes)
 * Tetraodon testudineus – Checkered puffer
 * Tetraodon lagocephalus – Oceanic puffer
 * Tetraodon lineatus – Fahaka pufferfish
 * Tetraodon ocellatus – Takifugu ocellatus
 * Tetraodon hispidus – White-spotted puffer
 * Tetraodon mola – Ocean sunfish


 * Diodon (Porcupinefishes)
 * Diodon atringa – Chilomycterus atringa
 * Diodon reticulatus & Diodon echinatus – Chilomycterus reticulatus
 * Diodon spinosus – Chilomycterus spinosus
 * Diodon hystrix – Spot-fin porcupinefish
 * Diodon holocanthus – Long-spine porcupinefish
 * Diodon raninus


 * Centriscus (Shrimpfishes)
 * Centriscus scutatus – Grooved shrimpfish


 * Syngnathus (Pipefishes & Seahorses)
 * Syngnathus typhle – Broad-nosed pipefish
 * Syngnathus acus – Common pipefish
 * Syngnathus pelagicus – Pelagic pipefish
 * Syngnathus aequoreus – Entelurus aequoreus
 * Syngnathus ophidion & Sygnathus barbarus – Nerophis ophidion
 * Syngnathus hippocampus – Short-snouted seahorse


 * Pegasus (Seamoths)
 * Pegasus volitans – Longtail seamoth