Pola Regio

Pola Regio is a geological structure on the asteroid 243 Ida. It was named after Pula (Pola), the place where Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa discovered Ida on 29 September 1884; this name was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1997. It is located on Ida's 180° E end, antipodal to Vienna Regio.

Charactersitics
Pola Regio lacks the heavily degraded craters that characterize much of Ida's surface. The region is located in a distinct region of Ida that hosts several large impact craters, possibly pointing to a structural dichotomy of the asteroid. Pola Regio is distinguished by a number of groove features and a generally disrupted nature. The grooves appear as roughly parallel sets of troughs and pit chains, analogous to the larger grooves on Mars's moon Phobos. Groove features on asteroids may form due to seismic shocks from large impact events that create fractures, though the degree of fracturing depends heavily on the asteroid's internal structure.

On the opposite "tip" of Ida, close to the 0° E meridian, is Vienna Regio. Vienna Regio is characterized by a large concave depression, which likely represents a degraded impact crater despite lacking an intact crater rim. In 1996, a team of astronomers led by Erik Asphaug proposed that the impact that created the Vienna Regio depression is likely responsible for the grooves of Pola Regio, as seismic waves from the impact event would concentrate within Pola Regio. Seismic waves from the impact that created the ~10 km large Azzura also focus on Pola Regio, though to a much weaker degree. However, energy from the Azzura impact may have helped reopen fractures created by the Vienna Regio impact. Alternatively, Ida may be a fragment of a larger asteroid that created the Koronis family, the fractures instead resulting from the breakup of the Koronis parent asteroid. Regardless, if the grooves are from the result of an impact, then Ida cannot be a rubble pile asteroid as the rubble would have absorbed the seismic energy. However, this runs contrary to other astronomers' interpretations that Ida is a rubble pile asteroid.