Police aviation



Police aviation is the use of aircraft in police operations. Police services commonly use aircraft for traffic control, ground support, search and rescue, high-speed car pursuits, observation, air patrol and control of large-scale public events and/or public order incidents. They may employ rotary-wing aircraft, fixed-wing aircraft, nonrigid-wing aircraft or lighter-than-air aircraft. In some major cities, police rotary-wing aircraft are also used as air transportation for personnel belonging to SWAT-style units. In large, sparsely populated areas, fixed-wing aircraft are sometimes used to transport personnel and equipment.



History
The first police aviation department was established in New York City. Fixed-wing aircraft have generally been replaced by more versatile rotary-wing aircraft since the late 1940s. However, fixed-wing aircraft are still used in some missions, such as border patrol, as their higher speed and greater operating altitude allow larger areas to be covered.

In 1921, the British airship R33 was used to help the police with traffic control around horse racing events at Epsom and Ascot.

A large mural on the side of St. George's Town Hall in the East End of London depicting the 1936 Battle of Cable Street public order incident includes the police autogyro, that was present during the incident, overhead.

Rotary-wing aircraft


The most common form of police rotary-wing aircraft is the helicopter, but other types of rotary-wing aircraft such as autogyros are also used. The Groen Hawk 4 autogyro was used during the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Police rotary-wing aircraft are sometimes equipped to perform multiple functions, or are designed so that equipment can be changed quickly when required for divergent roles. For example, a rotary-wing aircraft could be used for search-and-rescue, and then as an air ambulance.

Police forces sometimes use military surplus rotary-wing aircraft, such as the Bell UH-1 Huey. Some policing organisations, such as the Policía Federal in Mexico, acquire new military rotary-wing aircraft such as the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk. However, most buy civilian rotary-wing aircraft directly from major aircraft companies or lease them from specialty suppliers.

The use of police helicopters by the Los Angeles Police Department has been criticized for causing excessive noise and pollution and harming the well-being of community members.

Fixed-wing and nonrigid-wing aircraft
Some police air units also use fixed-wing aircraft, which allow higher and quieter surveillance, making it less likely that suspects will become aware they are being watched. A few police air units, such as the Northern Territory Police in Australia, use only fixed-wing aircraft. The use of fixed-wing aircraft also allows for longer flying times and incurs lower running costs. Fixed-wing aircraft are also used to transport prisoners, with the Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (nicknamed "Con Air") perhaps being the largest example of this use. Fixed-wing aircraft are also used to provide regular police patrols in remote communities and to transport investigators to remote crime scenes. Light-sport aircraft and powered parachutes  can sometimes be used to provide a cost-effective replacement for helicopters in the observation platform role.

The Edgley Optica was a British fixed-wing aircraft built for observation use and was used by the Hampshire Constabulary as an alternative to rotary-wing aircraft. The Britten-Norman Defender is used by the Greater Manchester Police, the Police Service of Northern Ireland and the Garda Síochána. The FBI deployed one Britten-Norman Defender for electronic aerial surveillance at the Branch Davidian compound during the Waco siege in 1993. In Greater London, the Metropolitan Police Service has, for a number of years, reportedly been secretly using Cessna aircraft that have been fitted with surveillance equipment capable of intercepting mobile telephone calls and listening in on conversations.

Lighter-than-air aircraft


Police blimps were used to patrol the sky during the 2004 Republican National Convention, the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. The blimp Santos-Dumont, named for Alberto Santos-Dumont, operates in the Caribbean for the Special Anti-Crime Unit of Trinidad & Tobago (SAUTT), providing security surveillance. During April 2009, this blimp provided aerial surveillance of the 5th Summit of the Americas in Port-of-Spain. Greater Manchester Police began trial operations of a blimp in 2010 to provide surveillance for major events, which would be a cheaper alternative to the use of a helicopter in the long term. However, the blimp was only used on 18 occasions because of weather-related operational problems.

Unmanned aerial vehicles
Police in some areas have started using unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, for surveillance operations. Unmanned aerial vehicles come in both fixed-wing and rotary-wing types.

List of police aviation units

 * Queensland Police Service (operated through Surf Life Saving Queensland Aviation)
 * Western Australia Police Air Wing
 * New South Wales Police Force
 * Victoria Police Air Wing
 * Westpac Rescue Helicopter Tasmania
 * South Australia Police
 * South Australia Police
 * Air Police (Austria)
 * 🇨🇾 Cyprus
 * Cyprus Police Aviation Unit
 * 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * Hong Kong Government Flying Service
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia
 * Indonesian National Police Marine and Air Corps - Air Police Directorate
 * 🇮🇷 Iran
 * Iranian Police Aviation
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland
 * Garda Air Support Unit
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico
 * Condor Group
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands
 * Police Aviation Service
 * North Macedonia
 * Macedonian police helicopter unit
 * 🇴🇲 Oman
 * Royal Oman Police - Police Aviation Directorate
 * 🇵🇦 Panama
 * National Aeronaval Service
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * Philippine National Police Air Unit
 * General Inspectorate of Aviation
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia
 * Serbian police helicopter unit
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa
 * South African Police Service Air Wing
 * 🇹🇼 Taiwan
 * National Airborne Service Corps
 * National Police Air Service
 * Police Scotland Air Support Unit
 * Police Service of Northern Ireland Air Support Unit
 * Police Scotland Air Support Unit
 * Police Service of Northern Ireland Air Support Unit

United States
Many local, state, and federal US law enforcement agencies operate helicopters, and some operate fixed-wing aircraft.

South Dakota
 * Federal agencies
 * Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System
 * State Department Air Wing
 * Arizona
 * Phoenix Police Department Air Support Unit
 * California
 * California Highway Patrol Office of Air Operations
 * LAPD Air Support Division
 * Los Angeles County Sheriff's Aero Bureau
 * Colorado
 * Denver Police Department helicopter
 * Florida
 * Marion County Sheriff Aviation Unit - at least four helicopters
 * Maryland
 * Maryland State Police Aviation Command
 * Baltimore County Police Department: 3 AS350B3 helicopters
 * Nevada
 * Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Air Support Unit
 * New York
 * NYPD Aviation Unit
 * Nassau County Police Department Aviation
 * Oregon
 * Clackamas County Sheriff Air Support Unit - one Cessna 182
 * Portland Police Air Support Unit
 * Washington County (Oregon) Police Air Support Unit - a single Cessna R172, N575RW
 * Oregon State Police Aviation Unit - four fixed-wing Cessnas


 * South Dakota Highway Patrol Aviation Unit - One Cessna T206
 * Utah
 * Utah Department of Public Safety Aero Bureau (helicopters)
 * Virginia
 * Virginia State Police 3 airplanes, 7 helicopters
 * Fairfax County Police Department Helicopter Division (two helicopters)
 * Washington
 * King County Sheriff's Office Air Support (three helicopters)
 * Pierce County Sheriff's Department Air Operations - two Cessna 206s
 * Snohomish County Sheriff's Office Air Support
 * Spokane County Sheriff's Office (three helicopters)
 * Washington State Patrol: Special Operations Division: Aviation Section
 * Wisconsin
 * Wisconsin State Patrol Air Support Unit

Disbanded police aviation units

 * Chiltern Air Support Unit
 * Western Counties Air Operations Unit
 * Nevada Highway Patrol Flight Operations
 * Nevada Highway Patrol Flight Operations
 * Nevada Highway Patrol Flight Operations

Border guards and customs services

 * Police and Border Guard Aviation Group
 * 🇮🇹 Italy
 * Air Maritime Exploration Squadron Guardia di Finanza
 * CBP Office of Air and Marine
 * CBP Office of Air and Marine
 * CBP Office of Air and Marine

Maritime law enforcement agencies

 * Galician Coast Guard
 * 🇮🇸 Iceland
 * Icelandic Coast Guard Aeronautical Division
 * 🇮🇹 Italy
 * Italian Coast Guard Air Service
 * USCG Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron
 * USCG Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron