Pontiac (federal electoral district)

Pontiac (formerly known as Pontiac—Gatineau—Labelle) is a federal electoral district in western Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1949 and since 1968.

In every election since its creation except 1979 and 2011, Pontiac has been a bellwether electoral district whose electoral winner also was a member of the winning party.

History
The electoral district existed over three distinct periods:
 * It was created by the British North America Act of 1867 which preserved existing electoral districts in Lower Canada. It was redistributed into the new electoral districts of Pontiac—Témiscamingue and Villeneuve in 1947.
 * In 1966, an electoral district of Pontiac was created from Pontiac—Témiscamingue and parts of Gatineau and Labelle. Then, in 1978, it was renamed "Pontiac—Gatineau—Labelle".
 * In 2003, the electoral district of Pontiac was created again during a redistribution of the ridings in western Quebec.

Pontiac lost territory to Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation and gained territory from Hull—Aylmer and Gatineau during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will largely be replaced by Pontiac—Kitigan Zibi. It loses Val-des-Monts to Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation; loses that part of the City of Gatineau west of Montée Paiement to the riding of Gatineau; and gains the rest of the Plateau neighbourhood from Hull—Aylmer.

Geography
The electoral district includes:
 * the regional county municipality of Pontiac
 * the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau, including Rapid Lake and Kitigan Zibi indian reserves
 * that part of the City of Gatineau northwest of a line following Montée Paiment to Autoroute 50 to Boulevard la Vérendrye Ouest.
 * that part of the City of Gatineau northwest of a line following Promenade de la Gatineau to Boulevard Saint-Raymond to Chemin Pink to Boulevard des Grives to Boulevard des Allumettières to Chemin Eardley
 * the regional county municipality of Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais (excepting L'Ange-Gardien and Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette)

The neighbouring ridings are Abitibi—Témiscamingue, Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, Saint-Maurice—Champlain, Laurentides—Labelle, Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation, Hull—Aylmer and Gatineau (in Quebec) and Glengarry—Prescott—Russell, Ottawa—Orléans, Ottawa West—Nepean, Carleton—Mississippi Mills, and Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke (in Ontario).

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 80.6% White, 7.9% Indigenous, 5.6% Black, 2.1% Arab, 1.2% Latin American

Languages: 65.1% French, 22.7% English, 1.5% Arabic, 1.2% Spanish

Religions: 64.4% Christian (50.4% Catholic, 1.6% Anglican, 1.4% United Church, 1.2% Christian Orthodox, 9.8% Other), 3.4% Muslim, 31.0% None

Median income: $48,400 (2020)

Average income: $56,950 (2020)

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament: