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HemisFair '68 was the first officially designated world's fair held in the Southwest United States. San Antonio, Texas, hosted the fair from April 6 through October 6, 1968. More than 30 nations hosted pavilions at the fair. The fair was held in conjunction with the 250th anniversary of the founding of San Antonio. The theme of the fair was "The Confluence of Civilizations in the Americas".

The official world's fair sanctioning body, the Bureau International des Expositions, accredited HemisFair '68 on November 17, 1965. The venture, which had an announced cost of $156 million, was financed by a combination of public and private funding. The fair was built on a 96.2-acre site on the southeastern edge of downtown San Antonio. The site was acquired mainly through eminent domain, and many structures were demolished and moved, in what was considered a blighted area, to make room for the fair. The project was partially developed with federal urban renewal funds. The San Antonio Conservation Society recommended that 129 structures on the site be preserved, but on August 9, 1966, an agreement was made to save only 20 existing structures that would be incorporated into the fair site. Overall, only 24 structures were saved.