Prelude and fugue

A prelude and fugue is a musical form generally consisting of two movements in the same key for solo keyboard. In classical music, the combination of prelude and fugue is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's two books of preludes and fugues — The Well-Tempered Clavier — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work Ariadne musica.

A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering all 24 major and/or minor keys. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes.

The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a Fantasy and Fugue, or a toccata and fugue, among others.

Works
The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format.


 * Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: Ariadne musica (1702)
 * Johann Pachelbel : Prelude and Fugue in E minor, P.416
 * Christoph Graupner
 * Prelude and Fugue in D minor, GWV 826 (1715-1716)
 * Prelude and Fugue in A minor, GWV 855 (1716)
 * Johann Sebastian Bach:
 * Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566 (ca. 1705)
 * Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 (sometime around 1708–1717)
 * Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544
 * Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546
 * Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548
 * The Well-Tempered Clavier, Books I and II (1722 and 1742)
 * Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – Eight Short Preludes and Fugues
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 * Prelude (Fantasy) and Fugue in C major K.394 (1782)
 * Adagio and Fugue in C minor K.546 (1788)
 * Felix Mendelssohn: Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 (1827/37)
 * Franz Liszt:
 * Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam (1850)
 * Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H (1855 rev. 1870)
 * César Franck: Prélude, Choral et Fugue (1884)
 * Max Reger: Introduktion, Passacaglia und Fuge
 * Paul Hindemith: Ludus Tonalis (1942)
 * William Walton: Spitfire Prelude and Fugue (1942)
 * Leonard Bernstein: Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs (1949)
 * Dmitri Shostakovich: 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87 (1950–51)

Composers
The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format.
 * Mark Alburger, 12 Topical Preludes and Fugues
 * Algernon Ashton
 * Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
 * David Cope, 48 Preludes and Fugues
 * David Diamond, 52 Preludes and Fugues
 * Hiroshi Hara
 * Hans Huber
 * Alexander Iakovtchouk
 * Andersen Viana - Sinfonia Amerindia/Prelude and Fugue
 * David Johnson, 12 Preludes and Fugues
 * A. A. Klengel
 * Trygve Madsen, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 101
 * Henry Martin
 * Felix Mendelssohn
 * Bruce Cameron Munson
 * Frank Tveor Nordensten
 * Camille Saint-Saëns, 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109
 * Vsevolod Zaderatsky, 24 Preludes and Fugues, 1937-39
 * Dmitri Shostakovich, 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87, 1950–51
 * Dmitri Kabalevsky, 6 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 61, 1958–59
 * Rodion Shchedrin, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, composed in 1964 and 1970
 * Igor Rekhin (b. 1941 in Tambov, Russia), 24 Preludes and Fugues for solo Guitar, 1990
 * Sergei Slonimsky, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, 1994
 * Nikolai Kapustin, 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 82, 1997