Presidency University, Kolkata

Presidency University, Kolkata (formerly Presidency College, Kolkata) is a public state university located in College Street, Kolkata. It was among the best colleges in the country when the institute was affiliated to University of Calcutta. The institution was elevated to university status in 2010 after functioning as a constituent college of the University of Calcutta for about 193 years. Currently, it continues to rank among the top universities in India. The University boasts an illustrious list of extraordinary alumni over the last two centuries, including several pioneers of the Bengal Renaissance, leaders of the Indian Independence Movement, heads of state, noble laureates, Academy Award winner etc.

In its first cycle as a university, Presidency received A grade with a score of 3.04/4.00 by the NAAC. Presidency has been recognized as an "Institute of National Eminence" by the UGC. It appeared in the inaugural list of top 50 institutions of NIRF rankings in 2016. However, NIRF rankings in 2017 and 2018 excluded universities like Presidency University which taught only science and humanities but not engineering, commerce, agriculture etc.

History
With the creation of the Supreme Court of Calcutta in 1773 many Hindus of Bengal showed an eager interest in learning the English language. David Hare, in collaboration with Raja Radhakanta Deb had already taken steps to introduce English language education in Bengal. Babu Buddinath Mukherjee advanced the introduction of English as a medium of instruction further by enlisting the support of Sir Edward Hyde East, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Fort William, who called a meeting of 'European and Hindu Gentlemen' at his house in May 1816. The purpose of the meeting was to "discuss the proposal to establish an institution for giving a liberal education to the children of the members of the Hindu Community". The proposal was received with unanimous approbation and a donation of over Rs. 100, 000 was promised for setting up the new college. The 5 Babus who contributed the most in setting up the college with their donations were - Raja Gopi Mohun Deb of Shovabazar Raj, Maharaja Tej Chandra of Bardhaman Raj, Raja Gopi Mohan Tagore of Pathuriaghata, Babu Joy Krishna Singha of Jorasanko, and Babu Ganga Narayan Das. Raja Ram Mohan Roy showed full support for the scheme, but chose not to come out in support of the proposal publicly for fear of "alarming the prejudices of his orthodox countrymen and thus marring the whole idea".

At first, the classes were held in a house belonging to Gorachand Bysack of Garanhatta (later renamed 304, Chitpore Road), which was rented by the college. In January 1818 the college moved to 'Feringhi Kamal Bose's house' which was located nearby in Chitpore. From Chitpore, the college moved to Bowbazar and later to the building that now houses the Sanskrit College on College Street.

Transformation to university
On 19 March 2010, the West Bengal Government passed the Presidency University Bill, 2009 in the State Legislative Assembly. On 7 July 2010, the Governor of West Bengal, M K Narayanan gave his assent to the Presidency University Bill. On 23 July 2010, the Government of West Bengal published the gazette notification completing all the legal formalities for presidency to become a full university. Amiya Bagchi was given the responsibility of chairing a committee set up to select and appoint the first vice-chancellor of the university. Amita Chatterjee, a retired professor of philosophy at Jadavpur University, was appointed as the first Vice-Chancellor of Presidency University on 5 October 2010.

In 2011, Higher Education Minister Bratya Basu suggested that a mentor group, along the lines of the Nalanda mentor group, would be formed to oversee the work of the university. At the beginning of June 2011, the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee, announced that a committee would be formed with Amartya Sen as its chief mentor and Harvard-based Sugata Bose as its chairman to oversee the running of the college and perform the task of appointing all its officials and faculty members. The Presidency mentor group also includes as its members 2019 Economics Nobel Prize winner Abhijit Banerjee, Ashoke Sen, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Nayanjot Lahiri, Himadri Pakrashi, Rahul Mukerjee and Isher Judge Ahluwalia, Swapan Kumar Chakravorty. Sukanta Chaudhuri resigned from the committee in 2012.

The entrance of the campus is marked with a small guardhouse on the left. On the wall of the guard room is a plaque dedicated to durwan (guard) Ram Eqbal Singh, who died defending the institute from rioters. The university had its bicentenary celebrations in 2017.

Governance
Like every state university in West Bengal, Presidency University is headed by the chancellor. The Governor of West Bengal is the chancellor of every state university. The vice-chancellor is the academic and administrative head of the institution. The post of the vice-chancellor replaced that of the principal after Presidency College received university status. Professor Anuradha Lohia was the first permanent vice-chancellor of the institution. The current Registrar of the university is Dr. Debajyoti Konar.

The Controller of Examinations, the Chief Librarian, the Finance officer and the Dean of students, along with the Dean of Arts and the Dean of Sciences, are the other important office holders of the university. The university is guided by a mentor group. The Mentor Group is chaired by Sugata Bose, the Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University. Nobel Laureate and economist Amartya Sen serves as the Advisor to the chair.

Principals of Presidency College
• J. Kerr, 1842–1848

• David Lester Richardson, 1848–1849

• E. Lodge, 1849–1852

• J. Sutcliff, M.A., 1852–1856

• Leonidas Clint, 1856–1857

• E. Lodge, 1857–1858

• J. Sutcliffe, M.A., 1858–1863

• W. Grapel, 1863–1864

• J. Sutcliffe, M.A., 1864–1875

• H. Woodrow, 1875

• C. H. Tawney, 1875

• J. Sutcliffe, M.A., 1875

• Alfred Croft, 1876

• C. H. Tawney, 1876–1881

• G. Bellet, 1881–1882

• John Elliot, 1882–1883

• Alexander Pedler, 1883

• John Elliot, 1883

• G. Bellet, 1883

• John Elliot, 1884–1885

• C. H. Tawney, 1885

• W. Griffiths, 1885–1886

• C. H. Tawney, 1886–1887

• Alexander Pedler, 1887

• C. H. Tawney, 1887

• Alexander Pedler, 1887–1889

• C. H. Tawney, 1889

• Alexander Pedler, 1889

• Frederick James Rowe, 1889

• C. H. Tawney, 1889

• W. Griffiths, 1892–1896

• Alexander Pedler, 1896–1897

• J. H. Gilliland, 1897

• Frederick James Rowe, 1897–1898

• J. H. Gilliland, 1898

• Frederick James Rowe, 1898

• William Booth, 1898

• A. Clarke Edwards, 1899–1902

• Prasanna Kumar Roy, 1902

• A. Clarke Edwards, 1902–1903

• Prasanna Kumar Roy, 1903

• A. Clarke Edwards, 1903

• M. G. D. Prothero, 1904–1905

• Prasanna Kumar Roy, 1905–1906

• Alexander Macdonnell, 1906

• A. Clarke Edwards, 1906–1907

• Henry Rosher James, 1907–1909

• Hugh Melville Percival, 1909

• Henry Rosher James, 1909–1911

• C. W. Peake, 1911–1912

• Henry Rosher James, 1912–1916

• William Christopher Wordsworth, 1916–1917

• John Rothney Barrow, 1917–1924

• William Christopher Wordsworth, 1924

• H. E. Stapleton, 1924–1926

• T. S. Sterling, 1926–1927

• Professor Abdul Khalek M.A, 1927–1929

• John Rothney Barrow, 1929–1930

• Jahangir Cooverjee Coyajee, 1930–1931

• Bhupatimohan Sen, 1931–1934

• Bhupatimohan Sen, 1934–1936

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, 1936

• Bhupatimohan Sen, 1936–1942

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, 1942

• Bhupatimohan Sen, 1942–1943

• Apurbakumar Chanda, 1943

• Jyotirmoy Ghosh, 1943–1944

• Apurbakumar Chanda, 1944

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, 1945–1946

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, 1946–1947

• Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda, 1947

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, 1947

• Jogischandra Sinha, 1947

• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, 1948

• Jyotirmoy Ghosh, 1948–1950

• Jyotishchandra Sengupta, 1950

• Jyotirmoy Ghosh, 1950–1951

• Jyotishchandra Sengupta, 1951–1956

• F. J. Friend-Pereira, 1956–1958

• Sanat Kumar Basu, 1958–1967

• Rajendralal Sengupta, 1967–1969

• Samerendranath Ghoshal, 1969–1970

• Sudhir Chandra Shome, 1970

• Pratul Chandra Mukherjee, 1970–1975

• Sudhir Chandra Shome, 1975–1976

• Pratul Chandra Mukherjee, 1976–1979

• Bijoy Shankar Basak, 1979–1982

• Achinta Kumar Mukherjee, 1982–1986

• Sunil Kumar Rai Chaudhuri, 1986–1991

• Amal Kumar Mukhopadhyay, 1991–1997

• Nitai Charan Mukherjee, 1997–2000

• Amitava Chatterjee, 2001–2005

• Mamata Ray, 2005–2008

• Sanjib Ghosh, 2008–2010

• Amitava Chatterjee, 2010

Departments
In academics, the university consists of two faculties – the Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences and the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Both Faculties are headed by deans. A total of 16 departments function under the university. They are: Bengali, English, Hindi, History, Performing Arts, Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology, Life Sciences, Chemistry, Economics, Geography, Geology, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics.