Prime, Ward & King

Prime, Ward & King was a prominent American investment bank in the 18th and 19th Century based in New York City.

History
In 1796, Nathaniel Prime organized "Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Commission Broker" at 42 Wall Street where he bought and sold bank stocks. After opening the private bank, he allowed customers to deposit money and then loaned it out.

In 1808, Prime brought in Samuel Ward III as a partner and the firm was renamed Prime & Ward. In 1816, Joseph Sands, Prime's brother-in-law, was made a partner and the firm became Prime, Ward & Sands.

In 1823, Prime met with and, eventually, invited James Gore King became a partner upon his return from England. King, a son of U.S. Senator Rufus King, had previously been affiliated with the firm of King & Gracie, founded in 1818 in Liverpool, England by King and his brother-in-law, Archibald Gracie, Jr. (the son of Archibald Gracie). King wound up the affairs of the house in England, returned to New York and became a partner of the house of Prime, Ward, Sands, King & Company on May 1, 1824, which at the time consisted of Nathaniel Prime, Samuel Ward, Joseph Sands, James G. King and Robert Ray (Prime's son-in-law).

In 1826, after Joseph died the firm was again reorganized as Prime, Ward & King with the previous partners and including Edward Prime, Prime's son. In 1832, Prime retired and was replaced as a co-partner in the firm by his son, Edward. In 1839, Ward died and was replaced by his son Samuel Cutler Ward, who had joined the firm the previous year. In 1844, King's son Archibald Gracie King joined the firm which already included Denning Duer, the son of William Alexander Duer and the elders King's son-in-law. In 1846, King and his family left the firm and started James G. King & Son, which he operated until his death in 1853.

The firm stunned the financial world when it collapsed in September 1847, which some claim was caused by the younger Ward's "excessive speculation in commodities" and caused the bankruptcy of the Ward family.

Services
Among their biggest clients was Baring Brothers, a British merchant bank based in London that was the world's second oldest merchant bank founded in 1762 and owned by the German-originated Baring family of merchants and bankers.

In 1823, Baring bought Erie Canal bonds through the firm, causing other international investors to do the same. The success of the Canal bonds caused the firm to take the lead in financing American expansion out west.

After the financial crisis of 1836 to 1837, the Bank of England in an effort to assist New York City banks in resuming specie payment, confided a loan of almost 5 million dollars of gold to the firm which was considered a remarkable sign of confidence.

Timeline
The firm was known by various names throughout its existence, including:


 * Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Commission Broker (1796–1808)
 * Prime & Ward (1808–1816)
 * Prime, Ward & Sands (1817–1825)
 * Prime, Ward, Sands, King & Company (1825–1826)
 * Prime, Ward & King (1826–1846)
 * Prime, Ward & Company (1847)
 * James G. King & Son (1847–1853)