Projective cone

A projective cone (or just cone) in projective geometry is the union of all lines that intersect a projective subspace R (the apex of the cone) and an arbitrary subset A (the basis) of some other subspace S, disjoint from R.

In the special case that R is a single point, S is a plane, and A is a conic section on S, the projective cone is a conical surface; hence the name.

Definition
Let X be a projective space over some field K, and R, S be disjoint subspaces of X. Let A be an arbitrary subset of S. Then we define RA, the cone with top R and basis A, as follows :
 * When A is empty, RA = A.
 * When A is not empty, RA consists of all those points on a line connecting a point on R and a point on A.

Properties

 * As R and S are disjoint, one may deduce from linear algebra and the definition of a projective space that every point on RA not in R or A is on exactly one line connecting a point in R and a point in A.
 * (RA) $$\cap$$ S = A
 * When K is the finite field of order q, then $$|R A|$$ = $$q^{r+1}$$$$|A|$$ + $$\frac{q^{r+1}-1}{q-1}$$, where r = dim(R).