Psalm 16

Psalm 16 is the 16th psalm in the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust."

In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 15. The Latin version begins "Conserva me Domine".

The psalm is attributed to David and described as a Michtam of David. Psalms 56-60 also share this title. Sarah Hoyt describes this term as "obscure". Semitic scholar Paul Haupt suggests that it may mean "restricted by the meter", or "conformed to poetical measure". The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox Church and Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music, including compositions by Marc-Antoine Charpentier and George Frideric Handel.

Hebrew
The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

King James Version

 * 1) Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust.
 * 2) O my soul, thou hast said unto the LORD, Thou art my Lord: my goodness extendeth not to thee;
 * 3) But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in whom is all my delight.
 * 4) Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their names into my lips.
 * 5) The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot.
 * 6) The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage.
 * 7) I will bless the LORD, who hath given me counsel: my reins also instruct me in the night seasons.
 * 8) I have set the LORD always before me: because he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved.
 * 9) Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my flesh also shall rest in hope.
 * 10) For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.
 * 11) Thou wilt shew me the path of life: in thy presence is fulness of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.

Composition
Charles and Emilie Briggs summarized its contents as follows:"Ps[alm] 16 is a psalm of faith. The psalmist has sought refuge in Yahweh his sovereign Lord, and supreme welfare (v. 1-2); whose good pleasure is in His saints (v. 3). The apostates have many sorrows, and he keeps apart from them and their impious worship (v. 4). Yahweh is his portion and his inheritance in pleasant places (v. 5-6); he enjoys His counsel (v. 7) and continual helpful presence (v. 8); he is glad and secure (v. 9), confident that Yahweh will not abandon him in Sheol (v. 10), but will grant him life and joy forever in His presence (v.11)."

According to the Briggs, the author of this Psalm drew on Jeremiah 23:6, 33:16; Deuteronomy 33:12; and the Book of Ezra for phrases and concepts, and most likely wrote the Psalm in the Persian period (i.e., after 539 BCE).

Judaism
Verse 3 is found in Pirkei Avot Chapter 6, no. 10.

Psalm 16 is one of the ten psalms of the Tikkun HaKlali of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov.

New Testament
The following verses of Psalm 16 are referenced in the New Testament: In those cases both Peter and Paul applied Psalm 16 to Jesus' resurrection and not to David's life.
 * Verses 8-11 are quoted in Acts
 * Verse 10b is quoted in Acts.

Book of Common Prayer
In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, Psalm 16 is appointed to be read on the morning of the third day of the month.

Musical settings
Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a metric paraphrase of Psalm 16 in German, "Bewahr mich, Gott, ich trau auf dich", SWV 112, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628. In 1699, Marc-Antoine Charpentier wrote "Conserva me Domine", H.230, for soloists, chorus, strings, and continuo. The King James Version of verse 10 is used in Handel's oratorio Messiah, HWV 56.