Punctum (gastropod)

Punctum is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Punctinae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.

Distribution
This genus is found throughout the Holarctic ecozone, and also in South Africa and Mexico.

Species
The genus Punctum includes the following species:

The type species is Helix minutissima Lea, 1841
 * Punctum abbadianum (Bourguignat, 1883)
 * Punctum adami Bruggen & Goethem, 2001
 * † Punctum alveus Pierce, 1992
 * Punctum amblygonum (Reinhardt, 1877)
 * Punctum apertum Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 * Punctum atomus Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
 * Punctum azoricum De Winter, 1988
 * Punctum blandianum Pilsbry, 1900
 * Punctum boreale Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
 * Punctum bristoli (Gulick,1904)
 * Punctum brucei (Jickeli, 1874)
 * Punctum californicum Pilsbry, 1898
 * Punctum camerunense de Winter, 2017
 * Punctum depressum Odhner, 1922
 * Punctum elachistum Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 * Punctum hainanensis (Möllendorff, 1887)
 * Punctum hannai B. Roth, 1985
 * Punctum horneri Ancey, 1904
 * Punctum infans Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
 * Punctum japonicum Pilsbry, 1900
 * Punctum kilimanjaricum Verdcourt, 1978
 * Punctum lepta (Westerlund, 1883)
 * Punctum lozeki Horsák & Meng, 2018
 * Punctum micropleuros (Paget, 1854)
 * Punctum minutissimum I. Lea, 1841 – but Helix minutissima may be considered as a synonym of Punctum pygmaeum
 * Punctum mokotoense Abdou & Bouchet, 2000
 * Punctum morseanum Pilsbry, 1902
 * Punctum nimbaense de Winter, 2017
 * † Punctum oligocaenicum Zinndorf, 1901
 * Punctum orphana (Heude, 1882)
 * Punctum pallidum Connolly, 1922
 * † Punctum parvulum Gottschick, 1920
 * † Punctum parvulum A. B. Leonard, 1972 (unreplaced junior homonym; junior homonym of † Punctum parvulum Gottschick, 1920 ; no replacement name is available))
 * † Punctum patagonicum Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016
 * Punctum petiti Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1971
 * Punctum polynesicum Solem, 1983
 * † Punctum propygmaeum Andreae, 1904
 * † Punctum pumilio Jooss, 1918
 * Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801) – type species
 * Punctum randolphi Dall, 1895
 * Punctum rota Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
 * Punctum seychellarum Gerlach, 1998
 * Punctum smithi Morrison, 1935
 * Punctum taiwanicum Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905
 * Punctum ugandanum (E. A. Smith, 1903)
 * Punctum ussuriense Likharev & Rammelmeyer, 1952
 * Punctum vitreum H. B. Baker, 1930


 * Synonyms:
 * Punctum (Toltecia) Pilsbry, 1926 : synonym of Paralaoma Iredale, 1913
 * Punctum abyssinicum (Jickeli, 1874) : synonym of Trachycystis abyssinica (Jickeli, 1874)
 * Punctum clappi Pilsbry, 1898 : synonym of Planogyra clappi (Pilsbry, 1898) (original combination)
 * Punctum conicum Odhner, 1922 : synonym of Sinployea conica (Odhner, 1922) (original combination)
 * Punctum conspectum (Bland, 1865) : synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
 * Punctum cryophilum (E. von Martens, 1865) : synonym of Toltecia pusilla (Lowe, 1831) : synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852)
 * Punctum homalospira (Morelet, 1883) : synonym of Psichion homalospira (Morelet, 1883) (superseded combination)
 * Punctum hottentotum (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891) : synonym of Paralaoma hottentota (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891) (superseded combination)
 * Punctum lederi (O. Boettger, 1880) : synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (invalid combination)
 * † Punctum victoris (Michaud, 1862) : synonym of † Lucilla victoris (Michaud, 1862)