Purple-bibbed whitetip

The purple-bibbed whitetip (Urosticte benjamini) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

Taxonomy and systematics
The purple-bibbed whitetip and rufous-vented whitetip (Urosticte ruficrissa) have been treated as conspecific and as distinct species, each by multiple authors. Since the early 2000s there is consensus that they are species in their own right. They are the only members of their genus and both are monotypic.

Description
The purple-bibbed whitetip is 8 to 9 cm long and weighs 3.8 to 4.2 g. Both sexes have a medium-length straight black bill and a prominent white stripe behind the eye. Both have glittering green upperparts. Males have a violet lower throat white below it and a grayish belly with green spots. The tail is dusky bronze; the central feathers have wide white tips that appear as an oval spot. Females have white underparts heavily spotted with green. The tail is dusky bronze with purple near the end and white tips on the outer feathers. Juveniles are similar to females with the addition of brown edges on the head feathers.

Distribution and habitat
The purple-bibbed whitetip is found on the Pacific slope of the Andes from Colombia's Chocó Department south into Ecuador as far as Pichincha Province. It inhabits the interior and edges of montane forest, generally at elevations between 700 and 1600 m. In Ecuador it is most numerous between 1200 and 1400 m.

Movement
The purple-bibbed whitetip is sedentary in Colombia but in Ecuador moves to lower elevations after breeding.

Feeding
The purple-bibbed whitetip mostly forages in the forest interior, from near the ground to below the canopy. It collects nectar from a variety of flowering plants including bromeliads and members of families Ericaceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures insects by gleaning from vegetation and hawking from a perch.

Breeding
The purple-bibbed whitetip's breeding season in Ecuador spans from January to April; it has not been defined in Colombia. It builds a cup nest from moss and ferns, and typically places it in a shrub or vines in a steep ravine about 2 to 4 m above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 16 to 18 days; the time to fledging is not known.

Vocalization
The purple-bibbed whitetip makes a "mellow, nasal-sounding fast twittering 'tweetweetweetwee...'" that can sound like "a laughing chatter". While feeding in flight it also makes "single lower-pitched scratchy notes, 'chrrrrr'". Another call is a "very high-pitched 'pseee'."

Status
The IUCN has assessed the purple-bibbed whitetip as being of Least Concern, though its population size is not known and believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. Though it has a restricted range, it is considered common, and occurs in some protected areas.