Queen (magazine)

Queen (originally The Queen) magazine was a British society publication briefly established by Samuel Beeton in 1861. It became The Queen: The Ladies Newspaper and Court Chronicle before returning to The Queen. In 1958, the magazine was sold to Jocelyn Stevens, who dropped the prefix "The" and used it as his vehicle to represent the younger side of the British Establishment, sometimes referred to as the "Chelsea Set", under the editorial direction of Beatrix Miller. In 1964, the magazine gave birth to Radio Caroline, the first daytime commercial pirate radio station serving London. Stevens sold Queen in 1968. From 1970, the new publication became known as  Harper's & Queen after a merger with Harper's Bazaar UK, until the name Queen was dropped altogether from the masthead. It is now known as Harper's Bazaar.

History
The Queen or The Queen: The Ladies Newspaper and Court Chronicle focused on aristocratic women in society beginning in 1862. In the late 1950s, under the editorship of Beatrix Miller, it was restyled to serve a younger readership defined by Miller in a style sheet. According to Clement Freud, who wrote for the magazine, Beatrix Miller's targeted reader had long hair, was named "Caroline", had left school at age 16, was not an intellectual, but she was the sort of person that one ended up in bed with.

When London became the focus of the Swinging 60s, Jocelyn Stevens embraced designers including Mary Quant. She embarked upon a project to reverse the 1962 Pilkington Report that denied any demand for commercial radio in Britain. Stevens helped to finance a pirate radio ship project that was also named Caroline, with the initial intention of extending the targeted reader as the targeted listener. When Radio Caroline first went on the air (from a ship that was also renamed Caroline), it operated from the editorial offices of Queen.

The Beatrix Miller style sheet for Caroline was given to contributing writers to the magazine because it gave authors an idea of whom they were writing for. Miller left the magazine to edit Vogue shortly after Radio Caroline began broadcasting. The magazine retired the Caroline style sheet under the direction of its new editor Jocelyn Stevens himself. When the radio station moved from the Queen magazine offices, a new explanation of how and why the name "Caroline" came to be used by the station was offered to the public in order to divert attention away from its original source. Queen was celebrated in this period for its society column "Jennifer's Diary" (written by Betty Kenward), its astrologer "Celeste", a variety of edgy writers, and elaborate fashion photography, in particular David Bailey’s pictures of Twiggy. Elizabeth Smart, author of the prose-poetry classic By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept, was Queen's books editor and columnist, and wrote all the fashion copy for two years in the 1960s.

The history of the magazine and the history of the pirate radio station under the influence of Jocelyn Stevens more or less conclude with the passage of the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967. In that year, Stevens decided to sell his interest to Michael Lewis of Oxley Industries, at the same time appointing Hugh Johnson as editor. The magazine changed from fortnightly to monthly publication and nearly doubled its circulation. By 1969, however, Oxley Industries was in difficulty. Johnson resigned to write The World Atlas of Wine and Lewis sold Queen to Harper's Bazaar, who merged the titles, continuing to print it on Oxley presses.

A register of articles received for publication in Queen Magazine from 1909 to 1915 is in the papers of Margaret Heitland at the Women's Library in London.