Queen of Malaysia

The Raja Permaisuri Agong (lit. 'Supreme Queen', Jawi: ), also known as the Paramount Consort and also unofficially as the Queen of Malaysia, is the consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the elected, constitutional federal monarch of Malaysia.

Title and precedence
The queen's full style and title in Malay is Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong.


 * Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia literally means 'Under the dust of the Almighty', referring to how the Raja Permaisuri Agong's power and prestige is dust compared to God's power and the ruler and his consort are always subservient to God.
 * Seri Paduka Baginda refers to Seri as in a person. Paduka means victorious and the term Baginda is the Malay possessive pronoun for a royal in the third person.
 * Raja Permaisuri Agong in literal English is the "Supreme Queen". It is an archaic equivalent to Raja where the female is a Raja Permaisuri and "Agong" (or Agung in standard Malay) means 'supreme'. The term Agong is not translated, as in the Constitution of Malaysia. The Malay word permaisuri is derived from Sanskrit परमेश्वरी (parameśvarī), 'supreme lady'.

Common English terms used in the media and by the general public include "Supreme Queen" and "Paramount Consort".

In formal English correspondence, for many years the queen was referred to as "Her Majesty The Raja Permaisuri Agong". In January 2024, this was changed to "Her Majesty The Queen of Malaysia".

There are two formal ways of addressing the queen:


 * Malay: Tuanku (literally 'My Lady')
 * English: Your Majesty

The queen immediately follows her husband, the king, in the Malaysian order of precedence.

Status, functions, and privileges
The king is elected (de facto rotated) every five years from among the nine hereditary rulers of the states of Malaysia by the Conference of Rulers. When a ruler is elected to the office of king, his consort is automatically bestowed the title and dignity of queen and serves the same term of office as her husband. In effect, the holder of the title of Queen of Malaysia changes every five years, though it could happen earlier due to the death or abdication of the king during his term of office.

Like many spouses of heads of state, the queen has no stipulated role in the Constitution of Malaysia. She accompanies the king to official functions and state visits, as well as hosting visiting heads of state and their spouses during their visits to Malaysia. Article 34 of the Malaysian Constitution forbids the queen from holding any appointment, carrying any remuneration, or actively engaging in any commercial enterprise during her tenure. The queen is, however, legally entitled to an annual payment which is included in the Civil List of the king during his term of office.

Previous holders of the title of Queen of Malaysia whose husbands are deceased receive a pension from the Federal Government's Civil List. They also take precedence immediately after the reigning king, the current queen, the reigning monarchs of royal states, and the Yang di-Pertua Negeri (governors) of non-royal states.

List of Raja Permaisuri Agong
The following consorts have served in the office of Queen:


 * 1. Tuanku Abdul Halim was the first and only Yang di-Pertuan Agong to reign twice. Sultanah Haminah was his second wife from 1975 to his death and reigned alongside him as Raja Permaisuri Agong XIV as Sultanah Bahiyah had died in 2003.
 * 2. Sultan Muhammad V reigned without a queen consort as his wife Sultanah Nur Diana Petra was not proclaimed as Sultanah of Kelantan until 2022. Shortly before his abdication in January 2019, it was reported that Muhammad V had married Oksana Voevodina, however the marriage was not officially acknowledged and Voevodina was not recognized as his consort.

List of Raja Permaisuri Agong by age
Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun is the eldest living former Queen of Malaysia. She is currently the only nonagenarian in the list and only the second person to achieved this distinction after Tuanku Najihah.

The most recent queen to die was Tunku Ampuan Najihah of Negeri Sembilan at the age of 100 years and 6 days on 8 September 2023. She was the 10th Raja Permaisuri Agong (1994–1999), her husband was Tuanku Ja'afar (19 July 1922 – 27 December 2008), the 10th Yang di Pertuan Agong (1994–1999) and the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan (18 April 1967 – 27 December 2008).